苏州稻作系统土壤-作物硅素动态及循环通量特征:多轮作模式的对比分析

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202511.013

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (11): 3353-3366.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202511.013

苏州稻作系统土壤-作物硅素动态及循环通量特征:多轮作模式的对比分析

黄思华^1,2,3, 濮励杰^1,4*, 谢佳逸^4,5, 葛云^6,7

¹南京工程学院环境工程学院, 南京 211167;
²自然资源部碳中和与国土空间优化重点实验室南京工程学院研究中心, 南京 211167;
³江苏省绿色低碳发展国际合作联合实验室, 南京 211167;
⁴南京大学地理与海洋科学学院, 南京 210023;
⁵自然资源部海岸带开发与保护重点实验室, 南京 210023;
⁶江苏省海洋地质调查院, 南京 210007;
⁷自然资源部滨海盐碱地生态改良与可持续利用工程技术创新中心, 南京 210007

收稿日期:2025-01-20 接受日期:2025-09-30 出版日期:2025-11-18 发布日期:2026-06-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: ljpu@nju.edu.cn
作者简介:黄思华, 女, 1995年生, 博士。主要从事生物地球化学硅循环研究。E-mail: huangsihua@smail.nju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42171245,42476239)、江苏省双创博士人才项目(JSSCBS0143)、南京工程学院人才引进项目(YKJ202336)、江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BK20231515)、自然资源部海岸带开发与保护重点实验室开放基金项目(2023CZEPK02)和江苏省自然资源科技项目(2023003)

Silicon dynamics and cycling flux in soil-crop systems of Suzhou rice cultivation: A comparative analysis of multiple cropping rotation

HUANG Sihua^1,2,3, PU Lijie^1,4*, XIE Jiayi^4,5, GE Yun^6,7

¹School of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China;
²NJIT Research Center, Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Territory Optimization, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 211167, China;
³International Joint Laboratory of Green & Low Carbon Development, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 211167, China;
⁴School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
⁵Key Laboratory of the Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210023, China;
⁶Marine Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210007, China;
⁷Coastal Saline-alkali Land Ecological Rehabilitation and Sustainable Utilization Technology Innovation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210007, China

Received:2025-01-20 Accepted:2025-09-30 Online:2025-11-18 Published:2026-06-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 稻田土壤-作物系统硅(Si)素相互转化加速了生物地球化学Si循环进程,已经成为影响陆地生态系统Si库出口的重要因素。为揭示稻作系统的Si循环过程及其对耕作管理方式的响应,本研究对苏州典型稻作系统(水稻-油菜轮作、水稻-小麦轮作、水稻-小麦/油菜交替轮作、水稻-养殖综合系统)的土壤Si营养状况和水稻Si累积开展为期3年(2020—2022年)的原位监测,评估了系统内部土壤、作物Si库储量以及年内系统Si收支水平和交换通量。结果表明: 轮作周期内,研究区各稻作系统土壤活性硅库和总硅库的储量均呈现水稻生育期内显著下降,至成熟收割时达到低谷,之后呈波动回升趋势;作物Si固定量介于(431.65±115.73)～(670.33±211.07) kg·hm^-2·a^-1,主要由水稻贡献(88.0%～100%),轮作和休耕下不同作物组合以及土壤有效Si水平是导致各系统间生物硅年产量差异的关键因子。苏州稻作系统的Si输入量为(61.34±11.26)～(130.36±30.55) kg·hm^-2·a^-1(灌溉+降雨),Si输出量为(149.20±47.30)～(231.22±83.23) kg·hm^-2·a^-1(作物收获),Si循环通量为(296.60±74.55)～(462.52±139.26) kg·hm^-2·a^-1(作物残余物还田);从作物Si素利用的角度,土壤Si库对作物Si累积的贡献最大,占比为74.3%～89.5%,其次是灌溉,占比为11.7%～25.7%。总体来看,研究区各稻作系统均处于Si净流失的状态,短期土壤有效Si库和无定形Si库储量略微降低,而长期效应表现为净输出量越高的系统土壤活性Si储量越低,建议采取适当的保硅策略来降低稻田土壤活性Si的耗竭速率。

关键词: 稻田系统, 硅素动态, 土壤-作物硅循环, 硅素通量, 轮作模式效应

Abstract: In paddy soil-crop system, the mutual transformation of silicon (Si) accelerated biogeochemical cycle, which is a significant factor governing Si export in terrestrial ecosystems. To understand the Si cycling in paddy field and their responses to agricultural management during paddy production, we conducted a 3-year (2020-2022) in-situ monitoring of soil Si and rice Si accumulation in typical rice cultivation systems of Suzhou (rice-rape rotation system, rice-wheat rotation system, rice-wheat/rape rotation system, and integrated rice-aquaculture farming system). We evaluated soil and rice Si pool, as well as the annual Si exchange fluxes in the soil-rice system. The results showed that both the labile and total Si pools exhibited a declining trend during the rice growing season across all the examined systems, reaching their lowest levels at maturity, and followed by a rebound trend with fluctuations. The Si fixation by crops ranged from (431.65±115.73) to (670.33±211.07) kg·hm^-2·a^-1, primarily contributed by rice plant (88.0%-100%). Variations in annual biosilicon production among different rotation systems were mainly influenced by crop combinations under rotation and fallow practices, as well as soil available Si levels. Si input ranged from (61.34±11.26) to (130.36±30.55) kg·hm^-2·a^-1(via irrigation and rainfall), while Si output ranged from (149.20±47.30) to (231.22±83.23) kg·hm^-2·a^-1(via crop harvest). The Si fluxes contributed by crop residues return ranged from (296.60±74.55) to (462.52±139.26) kg·hm^-2·a^-1. From the perspective of crop Si utilization, soil Si pools contributed the most to crop Si accumulation (74.3%-89.5%), followed by the irrigation (11.7%-25.7%). Overall, rice systems in the study area exhibited a net loss of Si. In the short term, both the plant-available Si and amorphous Si pools exhibited a slight decrease, while in the long term, systems with higher net Si output flux exhibited lower content of labile Si. Appropriate Si conservation strategies should be taken to reduce the depletion rate of labile Si in paddy field.

Key words: paddy ecosystem, silicon dynamics, soil-crop silicon cycling, silicon flux, rotation pattern effect

黄思华, 濮励杰, 谢佳逸, 葛云. 苏州稻作系统土壤-作物硅素动态及循环通量特征:多轮作模式的对比分析[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(11): 3353-3366.

HUANG Sihua, PU Lijie, XIE Jiayi, GE Yun. Silicon dynamics and cycling flux in soil-crop systems of Suzhou rice cultivation: A comparative analysis of multiple cropping rotation[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(11): 3353-3366.

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苏州稻作系统土壤-作物硅素动态及循环通量特征:多轮作模式的对比分析

Silicon dynamics and cycling flux in soil-crop systems of Suzhou rice cultivation: A comparative analysis of multiple cropping rotation

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