海蟹体内微纳米塑料的检测方法、赋存情况及潜在危害

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202509.034

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 2625-2638.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202509.034

• 海洋牧场与海洋环境专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

海蟹体内微纳米塑料的检测方法、赋存情况及潜在危害

陈子健¹, 刘卓苗^1,2*, 王建军¹, 兰如意¹, 谭红梅¹, 吴梦真¹, 赵建^1,2

¹中国海洋大学深海圈层与地球系统前沿科学中心/海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 山东青岛 266100;
²青岛海洋科技中心, 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 山东青岛 266071

收稿日期:2025-03-15 接受日期:2025-06-18 出版日期:2025-09-18 发布日期:2026-04-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: zhuomiaol@163.com
作者简介:陈子健,男,1999年生,硕士研究生。主要从事微塑料环境行为研究。E-mail:chenzj0911@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(U2106213)、崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202203901)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(202141003,202241011,202462004)、中国博士后科学基金项目(2024M753056)和国家资助博士后研究人员计划项目(GZC20241613)

Detection, occurrence, and potential hazards of micro(nano)plastics in marine crabs

CHEN Zijian¹, LIU Zhuomiao^1,2*, WANG Jianjun¹, LAN Ruyi¹, TAN Hongmei¹, WU Mengzhen¹, ZHAO Jian^1,2

¹Frontier Science Center for Deep-sea Sphere and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China;
²Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China

Received:2025-03-15 Accepted:2025-06-18 Online:2025-09-18 Published:2026-04-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 微纳米塑料(MNPs)污染已成为全球性的海洋环境问题,可通过呼吸、摄食等途径进入海洋生物体内并在食物链中传递,带来潜在的环境风险。海蟹是重要的海洋物种,也是人类重要的蛋白质来源。MNPs在海蟹体内广泛检出,带来潜在的生态和健康风险,明确海蟹体内MNPs的赋存水平具有重要的现实意义。本文详细归纳了海蟹体内MNPs的分离、富集和检测方法,其中,碱消解是分离富集海蟹体内MNPs较高效的方法。海蟹体内的MNPs主要蓄积在鳃、胃、肠和肝胰腺中,少量可通过血淋巴进入大脑。MNPs的环境浓度、材质、形状、粒径和颜色是影响其在海蟹体内蓄积的主要因素,其中,聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚丙烯蓄积量较高,小尺寸、纤维状的MNPs更易发生蓄积。阐释了MNPs引发海蟹发育迟缓、死亡率上升和组织氧化应激等的毒性效应和机制,以及海蟹体内的MNPs经食物链进入人体后所造成细胞凋亡、组织损伤和代谢紊乱等潜在健康风险。最后,从提升海蟹体内MNPs的检出效率、真实环境条件下MNPs对海蟹的负面影响和优化MNPs对海洋生物的生态风险评估模型等方面对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: 海蟹, 微纳米塑料, 分离富集, 赋存水平, 食物链, 毒性效应

Abstract: The micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) pollution has emerged as an increasingly prominent global marine ecological and environmental challenge, attracting wide concerns. MNPs can enter marine organisms via respiration and ingestion, and transfer within food chains, which potentially poses long-term risks to marine ecosystems. Crabs are key species in marine ecosystems, playing a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and serving as an indispensable protein source for humans. As marine MNPs pollution increases, large quantities of MNPs have been detected in marine crabs, posing potential threats to both marine ecosystems and human health. Therefore, identi-fying the occurrence levels of MNPs in crabs is critically important. We reviewed the separation, enrichment, and detection of MNPs in marine crabs, and found that alkaline digestion using potassium hydroxide is an efficient method for digesting soft tissue to extract and enrich MNPs. We then summarized the occurrence levels and distribution of MNPs in marine crabs, and found that MNPs primarily accumulate in gills, blood, stomach, intestine, and hepatopancreas. Additionally, MNPs could transport from blood to other tissues and organs including the brain. The environmental concentration, material composition, shape, particle size, and color of MNPs are the primary factors influencing their accumulation in marine crabs. Polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polypropylene are the most abundant types in marine crabs. The amounts of small-sized and fiber-shaped MNPs are more abundant than other types of MNPs in marine crabs. Furthermore, we clarified the toxic effects and mechanisms of MNPs on marine crabs, including developmental retardation, increased mortality, and tissue oxidative stress, elucidated potential human health risks posed by MNPs entering the human body through the food chain, such as cell apoptosis, tissue damage, and metabolic disorders. Finally, we outlined future research priorities: enhancing detection efficiency for MNPs in marine crabs, examining their adverse impacts under authentic environmental conditions, and refining ecological risk assessment models for MNPs in marine organisms.

Key words: marine crab, micro(nano)plastics, separation and enrichment, occurrence level, food chain, toxicity

陈子健, 刘卓苗, 王建军, 兰如意, 谭红梅, 吴梦真, 赵建. 海蟹体内微纳米塑料的检测方法、赋存情况及潜在危害[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(9): 2625-2638.

CHEN Zijian, LIU Zhuomiao, WANG Jianjun, LAN Ruyi, TAN Hongmei, WU Mengzhen, ZHAO Jian. Detection, occurrence, and potential hazards of micro(nano)plastics in marine crabs[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(9): 2625-2638.

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海蟹体内微纳米塑料的检测方法、赋存情况及潜在危害

Detection, occurrence, and potential hazards of micro(nano)plastics in marine crabs

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