海洋生态灾害及防灾减灾

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202602.033

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 海洋生态灾害会对海洋生态和海洋经济造成严重威胁,其防灾减灾工作具有重要意义。本文综述了海洋有害藻华、水母暴发、海星暴发、海洋生物污损和海洋生物入侵等海洋生态灾害的发生状况、产生危害及其防灾减灾的相关研究进展。综合分析发现,海洋生态灾害类型多样,一种海洋生态灾害的发生可能会引发其他类型的生态灾害,甚至出现新的致灾生物。面对复杂的海洋生态环境变化,海洋生态灾害监测预警和防控技术应与时俱进。坚持“预防为主、防治结合、合理利用、有效管理”的基本原则对于有效防控海洋生态灾害至关重要。未来应重点加强海洋生态灾害关联机制、监测预警体系、有效防控技术和致灾生物资源化利用等研究,以将灾害损失降到最低。

关键词: 海洋有害藻华, 水母暴发, 海星暴发, 海洋生物污损, 海洋生物入侵

Abstract: Ecological disasters pose severe threats to marine ecosystems and the marine economy, and therefore disaster prevention and mitigation efforts are critically important. We reviewed the occurrence, impacts, and related research progress in disaster prevention and mitigation of marine ecological disasters, including harmful algal blooms, jellyfish blooms, starfish blooms, marine biofouling, and marine biological invasions. Marine ecological disasters exhibit diverse types, where the occurrence of one type may trigger others and even lead to the emergence of new disaster-causing organisms. In the face of complex marine ecological environmental changes, monitoring, early warning, and prevention technologies for marine ecological disasters must evolve with the times. The fundamental principles of “prevention first, combining prevention and control, rational utilization, and effective management” are essential for effectively preventing and mitigating marine ecological disasters. To minimize disaster losses, future efforts should focus on strengthening researches into the interrelated mechanisms of marine ecological disasters, monitoring and early warning systems, effective prevention and control technologies, and the resource utilization of disaster-causing organisms.

Key words: harmful algal bloom, jellyfish bloom, starfish outbreak, marine biofouling, marine biological invasion

安鑫龙, 王秋珍, 顾继光, 李雪梅, 王晨. 海洋生态灾害及防灾减灾[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(2): 635-646.

AN Xinlong, WANG Qiuzhen, GU Jiguang, LI Xuemei, WANG Chen. Research progress on marine ecological disasters and disaster prevention and mitigation[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(2): 635-646.

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