2000—2020年黄土高原植被净初级生产力的时空变化及驱动因素

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202606.020

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 1991-1999.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202606.020

2000—2020年黄土高原植被净初级生产力的时空变化及驱动因素

张云^1,2,3, 杨艺婷⁴, 文晓晨⁴, 张万涛⁵, 朱许可⁴, 马理辉^1,4*

¹中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心, 水土保持与荒漠化整治全国重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
²中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100;
³中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
⁴西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院, 水土保持与荒漠化整治全国重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
⁵宁夏水利科学研究院, 银川 750002

收稿日期:2025-10-23 修回日期:2026-05-13 出版日期:2026-06-18 发布日期:2026-12-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: gjzmlh@126.com
作者简介:张云, 男, 2000年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事水土保持植被研究。E-mail: zhangyun0016@163.com
基金资助:
“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700)

Spatiotemporal variation and driving factors of net primary productivity on the Loess Plateau during 2000-2020

ZHANG Yun^1,2,3, YANG Yiting⁴, WEN Xiaochen⁴, ZHANG Wantao⁵, ZHU Xuke⁴, MA Lihui^1,4*

¹State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
²Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
⁴State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
⁵Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Hydraulic Research Institute, Yinchuan 750002, China

Received:2025-10-23 Revised:2026-05-13 Online:2026-06-18 Published:2026-12-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为精准量化气候变化和人为活动对黄土高原植被净初级生产力(NPP)的驱动贡献,本研究基于2000—2020年MODIS地表产品、气象资料以及土地利用数据,采用偏导数法揭示区域植被NPP的时空演变规律及其驱动机制。结果表明:2000—2020年间,黄土高原NPP整体增长趋势显著,年均增长速率为6.76 g C·m^-2·a^-1,其中,2000—2009年间的增长速率(7.99 g C·m^-2·a^-1)高于2010—2020年间的增长速率(5.85 g C·m^-2·a^-1)。黄土高原83.3%区域的NPP空间变化呈现出极显著上升趋势,仅小部分区域表现为非显著变化或下降趋势。归因分析表明,黄土高原植被NPP增长遵循“气候变化与人为活动协同驱动”的模式,其中,降水量是驱动NPP增长的核心气候因子,全区约96.5%区域的NPP与降水量呈正相关;温度整体表现为促进作用;太阳辐射与NPP的相关性呈现明显的经向地带性。在气候变化和人为活动的共同作用下,黄土高原植被NPP整体显著增加但增速放缓,区域生态正由“快速恢复”向“稳定可持续”的方向发展,研究结果可为黄土高原地区植被恢复策略提供数据及理论支撑。

关键词: 净初级生产力, 黄土高原, 气候变化, 人为活动

Abstract: To accurately quantify the contributions of climate change and human activities to net primary productivity (NPP) on the Loess Plateau, we used MODIS products, meteorological data, land use data, and the partial derivative method to analyze spatiotemporal variations and driving mechanisms of NPP from 2000 to 2020. Results showed that NPP increased significantly during 2000-2020, with an average annual growth rate of 6.76 g C·m^-2·a^-1. The NPP growth rate during 2000-2009 (7.99 g C·m^-2·a^-1) was higher than that from 2010 to 2020 (5.85 g C·m^-2·a^-1). In 83.3% area of the Loess Plateau region, the spatial variation of NPP exhibited an extremely significant upward trend, with only a small portion showing non-significant change or a declining trend. The increase in vegetation NPP on the Loess Plateau was synergistically driven by climate change and human activities, where precipitation was the dominant climatic factor, with 96.5% of the regional NPP positively correlated with precipitation. Temperature promoted NPP overall, while solar radiation exhibited a distinct meridional zonality in its correlation with NPP. Driven by combined climate and human activities, regional vegetation NPP increased significantly but with a decelerated growth rate, indicating a shift from rapid restoration to stable and sustainable development. Our findings would provide theoretical support for vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau.

Key words: net primary productivity, Loess Plateau, climate change, human activity

张云, 杨艺婷, 文晓晨, 张万涛, 朱许可, 马理辉. 2000—2020年黄土高原植被净初级生产力的时空变化及驱动因素[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(6): 1991-1999.

ZHANG Yun, YANG Yiting, WEN Xiaochen, ZHANG Wantao, ZHU Xuke, MA Lihui. Spatiotemporal variation and driving factors of net primary productivity on the Loess Plateau during 2000-2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(6): 1991-1999.

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2000—2020年黄土高原植被净初级生产力的时空变化及驱动因素

Spatiotemporal variation and driving factors of net primary productivity on the Loess Plateau during 2000-2020

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