Abstract: Low efficiency of remediation is one of the key issues to be solved in phytoremediation technology. Based on the necessity of reducing CO₂ emission in China and the significance of CO₂ in plant photosynthesis, this paper studied the effects of enhanced CO₂ fertilization on the phytoremediation of polluted soil, selecting the C3 plant mung bean (Vigna radiate) and the C4 plant maize (Zea mays) as test plants for phytoremediation and the DEHP as the target pollutant. DEHP pollution had negative effects on the growth and rhizosphere microenvironment of the two plants. After enhanced CO₂ fertilization, the aboveground dry mass of the two plants and the alkaline phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere soils of the two plants increased, the COD activity in the leaves of the two plants decreased, the microbial community in the rhizosphere soils shifted, and the numbers of the microbes with DEHPtolerance in the rhizosphere soils increased. These changes indicated that enhanced CO₂ fertilization could promote the plant growth and the plant tolerance to DEHP stress, and improve the rhizosphere micro-environment. Enhanced CO₂ fertilization also increased the DEHP uptake by the two plants, especially their underground parts. All these effects induced the residual DEHP concentration in the rhizospheres of the two plants, especially that of mung bean, decreased obviously, and the phytoremediation efficiency increased. Overall, enhanced CO₂ fertilization produced greater effects on C3 plant than on C4 plant. It was suggested that enhanced CO₂ fertilization could be a useful measure to enhance the efficiency of phytoremediation.