全天增温对不同年代冬小麦品种生长发育及产量的影响

应用生态学报

全天增温对不同年代冬小麦品种生长发育及产量的影响

耿婷¹,陈金²,张卫建^1,3,陈长青^1**

（¹南京农业大学应用生态研究所，南京 210095； ^2江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所，南昌 330200； ^3中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室，北京 100081）

出版日期:2014-05-18 发布日期:2014-05-18

Effects of all-day warming on growth, development and yield of winter wheat cultivars bred in different periods.

GENG Ting¹, CHEN Jin², ZHANG Wei-jian^1,3, CHEN Chang-qing¹

（¹Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; ²Soil and Fertilizer & Resource and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China; ^3Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China）

Online:2014-05-18 Published:2014-05-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用全天开放式增温方式，在江苏徐州和丹阳地区分别进行田间试验，研究了全生育期增温对不同年代冬小麦品种生长发育及产量的影响.结果表明：增温处理下不同年代冬小麦品种的有效分蘖在徐州和丹阳分别平均减少5.2%和9.6%，无效分蘖分别减少15.6%和9.7%.增温处理下徐州冬小麦的株高比对照高，丹阳比对照低，近期品种的株高矮于早期品种.增温处理下不同年代品种的叶面积指数均呈增加趋势.除徐州1950s—1960s、1980s、丹阳1950s—1960s和1990s品种的净光合速率在增温处理降低外，其他品种均增加，但夜间呼吸速率增减趋势不同.两试验地冬小麦地上部分生物量和收获指数均为增温处理高于对照，近代品种的收获指数比早期品种高.徐州和丹阳两地增温处理下不同年代品种的生育期均缩短，分别平均缩短3.2和4.1 d，主要是抽穗期前缩短明显，平均缩短7.5和8.5 d，而灌浆期延长，平均延长4.3 d.增温处理下，除徐州1950s—1960s品种减产外，其他年代的品种均表现为增产，增产幅度徐州和丹阳分别平均为21.0%和14.1%.统计分析表明，增温改变了产量构成因素对产量的贡献作用，且存在地域差异，在徐州增温处理主要影响实粒数和有效穗数，而在丹阳主要影响千粒重.

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of all-day warming on the growth, development and yield of winter wheat cultivars bred in different periods under free air temperature increase (FATI) in Xuzhou and Danyang, Jiangsu Province. Warming decreased the effective tillers by 5.2% and 9.6%, and the ineffective tillers by 15.6% and 9.7% in Xuzhou and Danyang, respectively. Plant height under FATI was higher in Xuzhou, but lower in Danyang than that of the control. Plant heights of the late cultivars were lower than that of the early cultivars. Warming increased the leaf area index for all cultivars. Warming increased the net photosynthetic rates of the winter wheat cultivars except for those bred in 1950-1960s and 1980s in Xuzhou and 1950-1960s and 1990s in Danyang. There were different changing tendencies of the night respiration rate among the winter wheat cultivars bred in different periods. Aboveground biomass and harvest index of all cultivars increased under FATI. Harvest index of late cultivars was higher than that of early cultivars in Xuzhou and Danyang. Growth period of different cultivars under FATI was all shortened, averagely by 3.2 and 4.1 d in Xuzhou and Danyang, respectively, mainly due to shortening the preheading stage (averagely by 7.5 and 8.5 d in Xuzhou and Danyang, respectively) and prolonging the filling stage (by average 4.3 d). Except for 1950-1960s cultivars in Xuzhou, the grain yields increased under FATI, averagely by 21.0% and 14.1% in Xuzhou and Danyang, respectively. Statistical analysis of variance showed that the warming-induced wheat yield changes were due to the changes in grain number per spike and effective spikes in Xuzhou and the change in 1000-grain mass in Danyang, respectively.

耿婷1,陈金2,张卫建1,3,陈长青1**. 全天增温对不同年代冬小麦品种生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

GENG Ting1, CHEN Jin2, ZHANG Wei-jian1,3, CHEN Chang-qing1. Effects of all-day warming on growth, development and yield of winter wheat cultivars bred in different periods.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.