种植Bt玉米及秸秆还田后土壤中Bt蛋白的变化及其对土壤养分的影响

应用生态学报

种植Bt玉米及秸秆还田后土壤中Bt蛋白的变化及其对土壤养分的影响

曾萍^1,2,3,冯远娇^1,2,3,张婉纯^1,2,3,张燕菲^1,2,3,董文超^1,2,3,王建武^1,2,3**

(¹华南农业大学农学院，广州 510642； ^2华南农业大学农业部华南热带农业环境重点实验室，广州 510642； ^3华南农业大学广东省高等学校农业生态与农村环境重点实验室，广州 510642)

出版日期:2014-07-18 发布日期:2014-07-18

Change of Bt protein in soil after growing Bt corns and returning corn straws to soil and its effects on soil nutrients.

ZENG Ping^1,2,3, FENG Yuan-jiao^1,2,3, ZHANG Wan-chun^1,2,3, ZHANG Yan-fei^1,2,3, DONG Wen-chao^1,2,3, WANG Jian-wu^1,2,3

(¹College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; ^2Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of AgroEnvironments in Tropics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; ³Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China)

Online:2014-07-18 Published:2014-07-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在大棚水泥池内种植两个Bt玉米(5422Bt1和5422CBCL)及其同源常规玉米5422，研究了种植Bt玉米及秸秆还田过程中根际土、根围土、3层根外土(0～20、20～40和40～60 cm)中Bt蛋白含量的时空动态特征及其对土壤养分含量的影响．结果表明：种植Bt玉米和常规玉米后，根围土(种植后90 d)和3层根外土(种植后30、60和90 d)中均检测到少量的Bt蛋白(含量<0.5 ng·g^-1)，在Bt玉米5422Bt1和5422CBCL根际土中则分别检测到1.59和2.78 ng·g^-1的Bt蛋白．玉米秸秆还田后，Bt蛋白能在3 d内快速降解，在还田后第7天只检测到少量的Bt蛋白．与常规玉米5422相比，种植Bt玉米5422Bt1 90 d后根围土和3层根外土中有机质、速效养分(碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾)和全量养分(全氮、全磷和全钾)含量均没有显著差异；5422Bt1秸秆还田60 d后0～20 cm土层的有机质和全氮含量显著升高，速效钾含量显著降低，而其他养分指标则没有显著差异，20～40 cm和40～60 cm土层的所有养分指标均没有明显差异．种植Bt玉米5422CBCL后根围土中仅速效磷含量显著低于种植常规玉米5422，但0～20 cm土层中全磷含量显著提高，其他养分指标均没有差异；还田5422CBCL秸秆后仅0～20 cm土层的速效磷含量显著高于常规玉米5422．研究结果表明，通过玉米根系分泌和秸秆分解进入土壤的Bt蛋白不会在土壤中累积，对养分含量也基本没有显著影响.

Abstract: The spatiotemporal dynamics of Bt protein in soil and the change of soil nutrients in rhizosphere soil, root surface soil and soils at 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm were measured in greenhouse experiments. Two Bt corns, 5422Bt1 and 5422CBCL, and their near isogenic nonBt variety 5422 were grown for 90 days and the crop residues were retained to soil. Results showed that 1.59 and 2.78 ng·g^-1 Bt protein were detected in the rhizosphere soil with Bt corns 5422Bt1 and 5422CBCL immediately after harvest. However, there were only trace amounts of Bt protein (<0.5 ng·g^-1) were detected in root surface soil after 90 days and in bulk soil in the two Bt corn treatments after 30, 60 and 90 days. When corn residues returned to soil, Bt protein declined rapidly within 3 days and only trace amounts of Bt protein were measured after 7 days. There were no significant differences in organic matter, available nutrient (alkaline hydrolytic N, available P, available K) or total nutrient (total N, total P, total K) in root surface soils and soils at 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm among the Bt and nonBt corns after 90 days. Sixty days after returning crop residues of 5422Bt1 to soil, the contents of organic matter and total N increased and the content of available K reduced significantly in the 0-20 cm soil depth. There were no significant differences in any other parameter at the 0-20 cm depth, neither for any parameter in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil depths compared to those in the nonBt corn 5422 treatment. There were no significant differences in soil nutrient contents in Bt corn 5422CBCL treatment compared to those in nonBt corn 5422 treatment except that available phosphorus content was reduced in root surface soils, and total P content increased at the 0-20 cm soil depth after 90 days. When crop residues of Bt corn 5422 CBCL were returned to soil, only available P content in the 0-20 cm soil layer was evidently higher compared to the soil receiving crop residues of nonBt corn 5422. Results suggested that Bt protein released from root and crop residues of Bt corns would not accumulate in soil, and growing Bt corns and returning crop residues to soil would have no significant effect on soil nutrients in general.

曾萍1,2,3,冯远娇1,2,3,张婉纯1,2,3,张燕菲1,2,3,董文超1,2,3,王建武1,2,3**. 种植Bt玉米及秸秆还田后土壤中Bt蛋白的变化及其对土壤养分的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

ZENG Ping1,2,3, FENG Yuan-jiao1,2,3, ZHANG Wan-chun1,2,3, ZHANG Yan-fei 1,2,3, DONG Wen-chao1,2,3, WANG Jian-wu1,2,3. Change of Bt protein in soil after growing Bt corns and returning corn straws to soil and its effects on soil nutrients.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.