秦岭皇冠暖温性落叶阔叶林2019—2024年群落动态

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202509.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为中国关键的生态屏障与生物多样性热点区域,秦岭森林生态系统的动态演变对维持区域生态平衡及保护生物多样性具有深远影响。本研究以秦岭皇冠暖温性落叶阔叶林25 hm²(500 m × 500 m)森林动态监测样地为研究平台,于2019年和2024年对胸径(DBH)≥1 cm的木本植物进行调查,研究树种组成变化、群落多样性指数波动及死亡和增补动态,分析群落的结构特征与更新规律。结果表明: 与2019年相比,2024年样地中未出现树种消失现象,且增加了3个树种。树种个体的年均死亡率为1.2%,年均增补率为0.5%,平均胸径增幅为8.6%。重要值排名前十位的树种未发生显著变化,表明群落优势树种组成具有稳定性。Margalef指数显著上升,而Shannon指数呈下降趋势,表明物种丰富度有所增加,但群落内树种个体数量分布不均匀。2019年和2024年群落的径级结构中,小径级个体(1 cm≤DBH<5 cm)相较其他径级个体在数量上占据绝对优势,尽管小径级个体在5年间表现出较高的增补率,但由于其死亡个体数占群落总个体死亡数的85.5%,最终表现为小径级个体数量减少。在群落更新过程中,小径级个体面临着激烈的生存竞争与环境筛选压力,表明群落正处于动态更新与自我调节的过程中。

关键词: 森林动态样地, 群落更新, 死亡率, 增补率, 径级

Abstract: As an important ecological barrier and biodiversity hotspot in China, forest dynamics in the Qinling Mountains are of great significance to the regional ecological balance and biodiversity conservation. We established a 25 hm² forest dynamics plot in warm deciduous broad-leaved forest in Huangguan of the Qinling Mountains. Community surveys on woody plants with diameter at breast height (DBH)≥1 cm were conducted in 2019 and 2024. We analyzed tree species composition changes, fluctuations in community diversity indices, as well as dynamics of mortality and recruitment, aiming to reveal the structural characteristics and regeneration patterns of the community. The results showed that there was no species disappearance, and three species were added in 2024 compared to 2019. The trees exhibited an average annual mortality rate of 1.2% and a recruitment rate of 0.5%. The average diameter at breast height showed an increase of 8.6%. The top ten tree species in terms of importance value did not change, indicating dominant species were stable in the community. The Margalef index significantly increased, and the Shannon index showed a declining trend, reflecting an increase in species richness and the distribution of the individual number of tree species within the community tended to be uneven. Small-diameter individuals (1 cm≤DBH<5 cm) dominated in quantity compared with other diameter classes. Although individuals in this diameter class showed a high recruitment rate over the five-year period, the number of dead individuals accounted for 85.5% of the total mortality, leading to a decrease in the number of individuals in this diameter class. This result indicated that small-diameter individuals faced intense survival competition and environmental screening pressure during community regeneration, highlighting that the community was in a process of dynamic renewal and self-regulation.

Key words: forest dynamics plot, community regeneration, mortality rate, recruitment rate, diameter class

刘娜, 何春梅, 何水晴, 周子涵, 薛冰翔, 原作强, 郝占庆, 尹秋龙. 秦岭皇冠暖温性落叶阔叶林2019—2024年群落动态[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(9): 2703-2711.

LIU Na, HE Chunmei, HE Shuiqing, ZHOU Zihan, XUE Bingxiang, YUAN Zuoqiang, HAO Zhanqing, YIN Qiulong. Community dynamics of warm deciduous broad-leaved forest in Huangguan of Qinling Mountains, China, 2019-2024[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(9): 2703-2711.

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