天目山毛竹扩张对阔叶林土壤硝化过程和矿质氮含量的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202510.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 毛竹扩张对土壤氮循环过程的调控是其向邻近天然林扩张成功的重要原因之一。为探究天目山毛竹扩张对土壤硝化过程和土壤矿质氮含量的影响机制,本研究沿毛竹扩张方向选取次生常绿阔叶林、毛竹-阔叶混交林和毛竹纯林为研究对象,采用室内培养法测定土壤净氮矿化速率、净硝化速率、氨氧化潜势、氨氧化古菌(AOA)和细菌(AOB)基因丰度及土壤矿质氮(NH₄⁺、NO₃^-)含量,并采用选择性抑制剂法评估AOA和AOB对氨氧化潜势和N₂O排放的相对贡献。结果表明:毛竹扩张增加了土壤pH、NH₄⁺/NO₃^-,毛竹-阔叶混交林和毛竹纯林较次生常绿阔叶林分别增加了0.23和0.59、56.7%和164%;但毛竹扩张降低了土壤C/N、净氮矿化和净硝化速率,毛竹-阔叶混交林和毛竹纯林较次生常绿阔叶林分别降低了8.7%和23.4%、24.4%和40.0%、24.2%和45.9%。土壤氨氧化潜势和N₂O排放速率呈现出与净硝化速率一致的趋势,表明毛竹扩张显著抑制了土壤硝化过程和N₂O排放。毛竹扩张降低了AOA的基因丰度,增加了AOB的基因丰度,降低了AOA驱动的氨氧化潜势在总氨氧化潜势中的占比,增加了AOB驱动的氨氧化潜势在总氨氧化潜势中的占比。相关分析和结构方程模型表明,毛竹扩张通过增加土壤pH和降低土壤C/N,显著降低AOA驱动的氨氧化潜势和净硝化速率,进而增加土壤NH₄⁺/NO₃^-。因此,毛竹扩张可通过调控AOA驱动的氨氧化潜势产生有利于毛竹生长的富NH₄⁺养分环境以促进其扩张进程。

关键词: 毛竹扩张, 阔叶林, 硝化作用, 矿质氮

Abstract: The regulation of soil nitrogen (N) cycling by moso bamboo expansion is one of the key reasons underpinning its expansion into adjacent natural forests. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of how moso bamboo expansion affects soil nitrification and mineral N content, we selected three forest stands along the gradient of moso bamboo expansion in Tianmu Mountain, including secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest, mixed bamboo-broadleaf forest and moso bamboo forest to measure soil net N mineralization rate, net N nitrification rate, potential ammonia oxidation, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) gene abundance, soil mineral nitrogen (NH₄⁺ and NO₃^-) content by laboratory incubation. We further examined the relative contributions of AOA and AOB to both potential ammonia oxidation and N₂O emission with selective inhibitor methods. The results showed that moso bamboo expansion increased soil pH and NH₄⁺/NO₃^- ratio. Compared to the broad-leaved forest, the mixed moso bamboo-broadleaf forest and moso bamboo forest increased in soil pH of 0.23 and 0.59, and NH₄⁺/NO₃^- ratio of 56.7% and 164%, respectively. Moso bamboo expansion decreased soil C/N ratio, net N mineralization rate, and net nitrification rate, while the mixed moso bamboo-broadleaf forest and moso bamboo forest showed decrease in soil C/N ratio of 8.7% and 23.4%, in net N mineralization rate of 24.4% and 40.0%, and in net nitrification rate of 24.2% and 45.9%, respectively. Changes in soil potential ammonia oxidation rate and N₂O emission rate mirrored the trend of soil net N nitrification rate, with moso bamboo expansion significantly inhibiting soil nitrification and mitigated N₂O emission. Moso bamboo expansion significantly decreased AOA gene abundance but increased AOB gene abundance. Selective inhibition experiment confirmed a reduced proportional contribution of AOA-driven potential ammonia oxidation alongside an increased AOB-driven potential ammonia oxidation component. Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling revealed that moso bamboo expansion elevated soil pH and decreased C/N ratio, inhibited AOA-driven potential ammonia oxidation and net nitrification rate, consequently amplified NH₄⁺/NO₃^- ratio. Therefore, AOA-driven potential ammonia oxidation is an important driver for moso bamboo expansion, as it creates an NH₄⁺-enriched condition favorable for moso bamboo expansion.

Key words: moso bamboo expansion, broad-leaved forest, nitrification, mineral N

罗金辉, 俞泽农, 刘玲慧, 滕秋梅, 张前前, 李永春. 天目山毛竹扩张对阔叶林土壤硝化过程和矿质氮含量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(10): 3051-3060.

LUO Jinhui, YU Zenong, LIU Linghui, TENG Qiumei, ZHANG Qianqian, LI Yongchun. Effects of moso bamboo expansion on soil nitrification and mineral nitrogen content in broad-leaved forests in Tianmu Mountain, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(10): 3051-3060.

参考文献

[1] Lebauer DS, Treseder KK. Nitrogen limitation of net primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems is globally distributed. Ecology, 2008, 89: 371-379
[2] Zhao FZ, Ren CJ, Han XH, et al. Changes of soil microbial and enzyme activities are linked to soil C, N and P stoichiometry in afforested ecosystems. Forest Ecology and Management, 2018, 427: 289-295
[3] 王斌, 王汝振, 张英, 等. 草甸草原土壤与植物系统自然丰度氮稳定同位素的年际变化及其指示作用. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(8): 2161-2170
[4] 张秦泽, 郝广, 李洪远. 外源输入氮的有效性及形态对植物生长与生理影响的研究进展. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(3): 878-887
[5] Hu CC, Liu XY, Driscoll AW, et al. Global distribution and drivers of relative contributions among soil nitrogen sources to terrestrial plants. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 6407
[6] 孙思邈, 陈吉欣, 冯炜炜, 等. 植物氮形态利用策略及对外来植物入侵性的影响. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(1): 72-80
[7] Richards CL, Bossdorf O, Muth NZ, et al. Jack of all trades, master of some? On the role of phenotypic plasticity in plant invasions. Ecology Letters, 2006, 9: 981-993
[8] 邓亚琴, 徐智, 张勇, 等. 土壤微生物生物量氮对不同腐熟度有机肥的响应及对土壤矿质氮的调控作用. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(1): 137-144
[9] 张如梦, 李冬佳, 梁雄英, 等. 多形态氮和硝化抑制剂协同供应对土壤氮素转化的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2024(7): 69-78
[10] 侯清晨, 冯燕楼, 周玉洁, 等. 植物入侵机制的主要假说. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(11): 3105-3115
[11] 许浩, 胡朝臣, 许士麒, 等. 外来植物入侵对土壤氮有效性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(11): 1120-1130
[12] Li J, He JZ, Liu M, et al. Invasive plant competitivity is mediated by nitrogen use strategies and rhizosphere microbiome. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2024, 192: 109361
[13] Song J, Ding XD, Feng G, et al. Nutritional and osmo-tic roles of nitrate in a euhalophyte and a xerophyte in saline conditions. New Phytologist, 2006, 171: 357-366
[14] Sun L, Lu YF, Yu FW, et al. Biological nitrification inhibition by rice root exudates and its relationship with nitrogen-use efficiency. New Phytologist, 2016, 212: 646-656
[15] Yu HX, Le Roux JJ, Jiang ZY, et al. Soil nitrogen dynamics and competition during plant invasion: Insights from Mikania micrantha invasions in China. New Phyto-logist, 2021, 229: 3440-3452
[16] Rossiter-Rachor NA, Setterfield SA, Douglas MM, et al. Invasive Andropogon gayanus (gamba grass) is an ecosystem transformer of nitrogen relations in Australian savanna. Ecological Applications, 2009, 19: 1546-1560
[17] 杨龙, 严令斌, 安明态, 等. 基于生态位理论的毛竹-桫椤群丛物种竞争共存机制. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(8): 2065-2072
[18] Teng QM, Lu XN, Zhang QQ, et al. Litterfall quality modulates soil ammonium and nitrate supply through altering microbial function in bamboo encroachment of broadleaf forests. Geoderma, 2023, 437: 116592
[19] Wu YX, Guo JH, Tang ZY, et al. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) expansion enhances soil pH and alters soil nutrients and microbial communities. Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 912: 169346
[20] Song QN, Ouyang M, Yang QP, et al. Degradation of litter quality and decline of soil nitrogen mineralization after moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubscens) expansion to neighboring broadleaved forest in subtropical China. Plant and Soil, 2016, 404: 113-124
[21] Sardar MF, Chen ZH, Tang CX, et al. Seasonal linkages between soil nitrogen mineralization and the micro-bial community in broadleaf forests with Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) invasion. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 899: 165557
[22] Chen ZH, Li YC, Chang SX, et al. Linking enhanced soil nitrogen mineralization to increased fungal decomposition capacity with Moso bamboo invasion of broadleaf forests. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 771: 144779
[23] Li YC, Li YF, Chang, SX, et al. Bamboo invasion of broadleaf forests altered soil fungal community closely linked to changes in soil organic C chemical composition and mineral N production. Plant and Soil, 2017, 418: 507-521
[24] 徐健鸿, 周波, 李凯, 等. 毛竹扩张对日本柳杉林土壤氮矿化速率温度敏感性的影响. 江西农业大学学报, 2023, 45(6): 1409-1417
[25] Hu XY, Wang XM, Abbas T, et al. Higher ammonium-to-nitrate ratio shapes distinct soil nitrifying community and favors the growth of Moso bamboo in contrast to broadleaf tree species. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2021, 57: 1171-1182
[26] 葛江飞, 杨为中, 高雄飞, 等. 不同经营强度下毛竹丛枝菌根共生体对氨氧化微生物的影响. 土壤学报, 2021, 58(2): 505-513
[27] Pan J, Liu YQ, Niu JH, et al. Moso bamboo expansion reduced soil N₂O emissions while accelerated fine root litter decomposition: Contrasting non-additive effects. Plant and Soil, 2024, 501: 7-21
[28] 鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 2000
[29] 卢小妮, 陈露雨, 李永春, 等. 毛竹林和阔叶林凋落物互置对土壤氮矿化的影响及微生物贡献. 生态学报, 2022, 42(12): 4988-4997
[30] Taylor AE, Vajrala N, Giguere AT, et al. Use of aliphatic n-alkynes to discriminate soil nitrification activities of ammonia-oxidizing thaumarchaea and bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2013, 79: 6544-6551
[31] Wu Z, Zhang QQ, Zhang X, et al. Biochar-enriched soil mitigated N₂O and NO emissions similarly as fresh biochar for wheat production. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 10: 134943
[32] Harter J, Krause HM, Schuettler S, et al. Linking N₂O emissions from biochar-amended soil to the structure and function of the N-cycling microbial community. The ISME Journal, 2014, 8: 660-674
[33] Liu Y, Wang CH, He NP, et al. A global synthesis of the rate and temperature sensitivity of soil nitrogen mine-ralization: Latitudinal patterns and mechanisms. Global Change Biology, 2017, 23: 455-464
[34] 施宇森, 王杉杉, 方伟, 等. 基于Meta分析研究毛竹入侵致土壤pH提升及养分和微生物群落结构的变化. 土壤学报, 2024, 61(3): 862-877
[35] Zhang JB, Müller C, Cai ZC, et al. Heterotrophic nitrification of organic N and its contribution to nitrous oxide emissions in soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2015, 84: 199-209
[36] Zhang Y, Cai ZC, Zhang JB, et al. The controlling factors and the role of soil heterotrophic nitrification from a global review. Applied Soil Ecology, 2023, 182: 104698
[37] Barraclough D, Puri G. The use of ¹⁵N pool dilution and enrichment to separate the heterotrophic and autotrophic pathways of nitrification. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1995, 27: 17-22
[38] Staelens J, Rütting T, Huygens D, et al. In situ gross nitrogen transformations differ between temperate deci-duous and coniferous forest soils. Biogeochemistry, 2012, 108: 259-277
[39] Miao DN, Peng XY, Teng QM, et al. Different contributions of bacterial and fungal communities to nitrogen mineralization in Moso bamboo-invaded subtropical forests. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2023, 23: 1123-1134
[40] 刘晶静, 马文丹, 和松, 等. 酸性土壤氨氧化微生物及其影响因素研究进展. 微生物学通报, 2023, 50(1): 413-426
[41] Prosser JI, Nicol GW. Relative contributions of archaea and bacteria to aerobic ammonia oxidation in the environment. Environmental Microbiology, 2008, 10: 2931-2941
[42] Zhang LM, Hu HW, Shen JP, et al. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea have more important role than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in ammonia oxidation of strongly acidic soils. The ISME Journal, 2012, 6: 1032-1045
[43] Du EZ, Terrer C, Pellegrini AFA, et al. Global patterns of terrestrial nitrogen and phosphorus limitation. Nature Geoscience, 2020, 13: 221-226
[44] Chen HJ, Huang XF, Shi WM, et al. Coordination of nitrogen uptake and assimilation favours the growth and competitiveness of moso bamboo over native tree species in high-NH4⁺ environments. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2021, 266: 153508
[45] Zou N, Shi WM, Hou LH, et al. Superior growth, N uptake and NH4⁺ tolerance in the giant bamboo Phyllostachys edulis over the broad-leaved tree Castanopsis fargesii at elevated NH4⁺ may underlie community succession and favor the expansion of bamboo. Tree Physio-logy, 2020, 40: 1606-1622