滨海核电冷源风险生物识别与评价

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202602.031

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 551-562.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202602.031

滨海核电冷源风险生物识别与评价

胡心玥¹, 崔猛², 金媛^3,4, 柳圭泽^3,4, 宋长春¹, 张云雷^3,4*

¹大连理工大学建设工程学院, 辽宁大连 116081;
²辽宁红沿河核电有限公司, 辽宁大连 116321;
³国家海洋环境监测中心, 辽宁大连 116085;
⁴生态环境部近岸海域生态环境重点实验室, 辽宁大连 116085

收稿日期:2025-06-12 接受日期:2025-11-16 出版日期:2026-02-18 发布日期:2026-08-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: ylzhang@nmemc.org.cn
作者简介:胡心玥, 女, 2002年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事海洋生态灾害研究。E-mail: 17756323217@163.com
基金资助:
辽宁省自然科学基金计划-博士科研启动项目(2024-BS-301)和生态环境部近岸海域生态环境重点实验室项目(20240106)

Identification and evaluation of cold source risk organisms in close areas of a coastal nuclear power plant

HU Xinyue¹, CUI Meng², JIN Yuan^3,4, LIU Guize^3,4, SONG Changchun¹, ZHANG Yunlei^3,4*

¹College of Construction Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116081, Liaoning, China;
²Liaoning Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Dalian 116321, Liaoning, China;
³National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116085, Liaoning, China;
⁴Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecological Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116085, Liaoning, China

Received:2025-06-12 Accepted:2025-11-16 Online:2026-02-18 Published:2026-08-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来因海洋生物入侵造成的滨海核电冷源安全事件频发,对冷源取水安全造成了严重威胁。为系统识别核电冷源风险生物并明确其分布特征,本研究构建了一套适用于冷源取水海域的风险生物识别与评价框架。基于2024年夏季对北方某核电厂周边海域的现场生物采样数据,将海洋生物划分为浮游植物、浮游动物、游泳动物、底栖动物和潮间带生物5种类型; 选取营养级、栖息水层、体型、体长和密度作为共性评价指标,结合不同类型生物的特有属性(如洄游性与繁殖方式),建立单项满分为10分的评分标准。各指标依据对取水口堵塞风险的潜在威胁程度赋分,并引入采样点与取水口的距离权重,综合计算各类生物的风险得分; 以总项数满分值的30%与80%为界,将风险等级划分为低、中、高3级。结果显示,该海域共采集到浮游植物40种、浮游动物28种、游泳动物27种、底栖动物62种、潮间带生物43种; 通过多指标融合与空间加权分析,兼顾实测数据与物种特性,识别出枪乌贼、日本蟳和斑鰶为高风险物种。风险分布结果显示,取水口北侧海域高风险生物密度较高,需重点监测与防控。本研究通过融合功能性状与实测数据的综合评价体系,为核电冷源取水海域的风险预警与防控策略制定提供了科学依据。

关键词: 风险生物, 识别评价, 冷源取水, 核电厂

Abstract: Species invasion in marine has increased the frequency of security incidents at coastal nuclear power plants, posing serious threats to the cooling water intake. To systematically identify the risk organisms in nuclear power cooling water sources and clarify their distribution pattern, we established a risk identification and assessment framework for marine organisms in cooling water intake areas. Based on field investigation conducted in the summer of 2024 in the adjacent waters of a nuclear power plant in northern China, we categorized marine organisms into five types: phytoplankton, zooplankton, swimming animals, benthic animals, and selected intertidal organisms. Trophic level, habitat layer, body size, body length, and density were used as evaluation criteria. These indices were combined with type-specific traits (e.g., migratory behavior and reproduction mode) to develop a scoring system, with each indicator being assigned a maximum score of 10 points. Scores were determined based on the potential risk of each biological trait to clogging the water intake, and a spatial weight based on the distance from sampling points to the intake was incorporated to calculate the total risk score for each species. We classified risk levels into low, medium, and high according to thresholds set at 30% and 80% of the total possible score. Results showed that a total of 40 phytoplankton, 28 zooplankton, 27 swimming animals, 62 benthic animals, and 43 intertidal species were recorded. Through multi-indicator integration and spatial weighting analysis-balancing field data authenticity and theoretical traits of species, Loligo sp., Charybdis japonica, and Konosirus punctatus were identified as high-risk species. Moreover, there was a higher density of high-risk organisms in the northern area near the water intake. By integrating functional traits and measured data into a comprehensive evaluation framework, this study could provide a scientific basis for risk organism identification, early warning, and the development of prevention and control strategies for cooling water systems near nuclear power plants.

Key words: marine risk organism, identification and evaluation, cold source water intake, nuclear power plant

胡心玥, 崔猛, 金媛, 柳圭泽, 宋长春, 张云雷. 滨海核电冷源风险生物识别与评价[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(2): 551-562.

HU Xinyue, CUI Meng, JIN Yuan, LIU Guize, SONG Changchun, ZHANG Yunlei. Identification and evaluation of cold source risk organisms in close areas of a coastal nuclear power plant[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(2): 551-562.

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滨海核电冷源风险生物识别与评价

Identification and evaluation of cold source risk organisms in close areas of a coastal nuclear power plant

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