关键词: 城市森林, 土壤重金属, 林型, 污染评价

Abstract: In order to understand the soil heavy metals characteristics in different type plantations in Harbin City, 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm soil samples were collected from eight mono-cultured plantations (Larix gmelinii, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Pinus tabulaeformis var. mukdensis, Phellodendron amurense, Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Betula platyphylla, and Quercus mongolica) and one mixed plantation (P. sylvestris var. mongolica + F. mandshurica + Pinus koraiensis + P. amurense + B. platyphylla) established in the Urban Forestry Demonstration Research Base of Northeast Forestry University in the 1950s to analyze the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, and As, and the comprehensive pollution index was used to assess the soil heavy metals pollution in the plantations, based on the background values of black soil in the City. There existed significant differences in the heavy metals concentration in the same soil layers among different type plantations. In the test plantations, the concentrations of soil heavy metals except As and Ni tended to decrease with soil depth. In the same soil layers, Zn had the highest concentration (62.29-126.35 mg·kg^-1), while Cd had the lowest one (0.06-0.47 mg·kg^-1). The abundance and accumulation tendency of test heavy metals in the plantations was in the order of Zn>Pb>Cu(Ni)>Ni(Cu)>As>Cd, and Cd＞Pb＞Zn＞Cu＞Ni＞As, respectively. There existed positive correlations among soil Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations in the plantations except F. mandshurica, and the concentrations of these four heavy metals in the plantations except F. mandshurica and Q. mongolica  were positively correlated with soil organic matter, N, P, and K. The concentrations of soil Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu were higher than the background values, suggesting the anthropogenic inputs; while those of Ni and As were similar to or lower than the background values, suggesting the origin from soil materials. The soil comprehensive pollution index of the plantations was decreased in the order of F. mandshurica >P. amurense >mixed plantation >J. mandshurica >P. sylvestris var. mongolica >P. tabulaeformis var. mukdensis >L. gmelinii >B. platyphylla > Q. mongolica.

Key words: urban plantation, soil heavy metal, forest type, pollution assessment