Effects of long-term fertilization on soil microbial abundance in farmland of the Loess Plateau, China

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201904.003

Abstract

Abstract: Based on a long-term experiment in the Changwu Agro-ecological Experimental Station, the real-time PCR analysis was used to examine the soil microbial abundance and to reveal the effects on soil microbial community under different long-term fertilization systems. The results showed that compared to the CK (barren field), the population of bacteria increased by 21% and archaea by 32% in treatment with inorganic fertilizer application. The abundance of bacteria in the treatment of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer increased by 37% and archaea by 36%. The treatment with chemical fertilizer mixed with organic fertilizer significantly increased the abundance of bacteria and archaea. The soil AOB increased by 7.13 times while the soil AOA only by 0.2 folds after 30-year application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer. AOB was highly responsive to fertilizer application, especially to nitrogen fertilizer. Compared with the single nitrogen application and the application of nitrogen fertilizer mixed with organic fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased the abundance of nifH and pmoA. The content of nifH, nirS cd and pmoA in the abandoned land was significantly higher than that in the cultivated soil. Results from the correlation analysis on soil basic physical and chemical properties indicated that soil pH, total nitrogen and organic carbon were key factors affecting soil microbial community abundance. In conclusion, long-term fertilization significantly changed soil microbial abundance, and fertilization patterns and cultivating methods had significant effect on microbial community abundance.

Key words: Loess Plateau, microbial community abundance, real-time PCR, long-term fertilization

XING Ya-wei, LI Chun-yue, LIU Jin, WANG Yi, JING Li-juan, WANG Cong-rong, XUE Ying-long, DANG Ting-hui. Effects of long-term fertilization on soil microbial abundance in farmland of the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(4): 1351-1358.

References

[1] Zhang S-M (张少民), Hao M-D (郝明德), Chen L (陈磊). Effects of long-term fertilization on yield of wheat and soil fertility in dry-land of Loess Plateau. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas (干旱地区农业研究), 2006, 24(6): 85-89 (in Chinese)
[2] Marschner P, Kandeler E, Marschner B. Structure and function of the soil microbial community in a long-term fertilizer experiment. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2003, 35: 453-461
[3] Li F-X (李凤霞), Wang S-R (王世荣), Wu X (吴霞), et al. Effect of long-term fertilization on soil microbial diversity in irrigation silting soil of Ningxia. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2016, 47(5): 1134-1141 (in Chinese)
[4] Zhang E-P (张恩平), Tian Y-Y (田悦悦), Li M (李猛), et al. Effects of various long-term fertilization regimes on soil microbial functional diversity in tomato rhizosphere soil. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2018, 38(14): 5027-5036 (in Chinese)
[5] Insam H, Hutchinson TC, Reber HH. Effects of heavy metal stress on the metabolic quotient of the soil microflora. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1996, 28: 691-694
[6] Zhao S (赵爽), Luo J (罗佳), Ling N (凌宁), et al. Quick check and quantification of Fusarium oxysporum in soil with macroarray and real-time PCR method. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2010, 47(4): 703-708 (in Chinese)
[7] Xi Y-Q (喜银巧), Zhao Y (赵英), Li S-Y (李生宇). Effects of three kinds of soil amendments on shear strength of aeolian soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2018, 55(6): 1401-1410 (in Chinese)
[8] Long XE, Shen JP, Wang JT, et al. Contrasting response of two grassland soils to N addition and moisture levels: N₂O emission and functional gene abundance. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2017, 17: 384-392
[9] Zheng Y (郑燕), Jia Z-J (贾仲君). The application of biomarker genes for DNA/RNA-stable isotope probing of active methanotrophs responsible for aerobic methane oxidation in six paddy soils. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2016, 53(2): 490-501 (in Chinese)
[10] Li Y-C (李永春), Liang X (梁雪), Li Y-F (李永夫), et al. Effects of Phyllostachys edulis invasion of native broadleaf forest on soil fungal community. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(2): 585-592 (in Chinese)
[11] Li C-H (李晨华), Jia Z-J (贾仲君), Tang L-S (唐立松), et al. Effect of model of fertilization on microbial abundance and enzyme activity in oasis farmland soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2012, 49(3): 567-574 (in Chinese)
[12] Song Y-N (宋亚娜), Chen Z-J (陈在杰), Lin Z-M (林智敏). Abundance of ammonia-oxidizer and potential nitrification rate of quaternary red-clay paddy soil during rice growth. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2010, 18(5): 954-958 (in Chinese)
[13] Koshy L, Anju AL, Harikrishnan S, et al. Evaluating genomic DNA extraction methods from human whole blood using endpoint and real-time PCR assays. Molecular Biology Reports, 2016, 44: 1-12
[14] Han W-Y (韩文炎), Wang W-M (王皖蒙), Guo Y (郭赟), et al. Bacterial abundance of tea garden soils and its influencing factors. Journal of Tea Science (茶叶科学), 2013(2): 147-154 (in Chinese)
[15] Wu Q-F (邬奇峰), Lu K-P (陆扣萍), Mao X-L (毛霞丽), et al. Responses of soil nutrients and microbial biomass and community composition to long-term fertilization in cultivated land. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 2015, 31(5): 150-156 (in Chinese)
[16] Shen JP, Zhang LM, Guo JF, et al. Impact of long-term fertilization practices on the abundance and composition of soil bacterial communities in Northeast China. Applied Soil Ecology, 2010, 46: 119-124
[17] Leininger S, Urich T, Schloter M, et al. Archaea predominate among ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in soils. Nature, 2006, 442: 806
[18] Yin C (尹昌), Fan F-L (范分良), Li Z-J (李兆君), et al. Influences of long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the composition and abundance of nir S-type denitrifiers in black soil. Environmental Science (环境科学), 2012, 33(11): 3967-3975 (in Chinese)
[19] E S-Z (俄胜哲), Ding N-P (丁宁平), Li L-L (李利利), et al. Relationship of crop yield and soil organic carbon and nitrogen under long term fertilization in black loessial soil region on the Loess Plateau in China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2018, 29(12): 4047-4055 (in Chinese)
[20] Zhao Y-T (赵亚婷), Chang Q-R (常庆瑞), Li Z-P (李志鹏), et al. Study on the spatial variability and distribution pattern of soil available nutrients in gully Loess Plateau farmland: Shaanxi Fuxian as an example. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2012, 43(6): 1438-1443 (in Chinese)
[21] Ma L (马垒), Guo Z-B (郭志彬), Wang D-Z (王道中), et al. Effect of long-term application of phosphorus fertilizer on soil bacterial community structure and enzymatic activity in lime concretion black soil relative to P application rate. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2019, doi: 10.11766/trxb201805080149 (in Chinese)
[22] Yang X-X (杨祥祥), Li M-Q (李梦琦), He X-D (何兴东), et al. Effects of soil C:N:P ratio on species diversity of preliminary plant communities on sandy land. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2019, 56(1): 244-251 (in Chinese)
[23] Bai Y-T (白玉婷), Wei Z-J (卫智军), Dai J-Z (代景忠), et al. Responses of plant and soil C:N:P stoichiometry to fertilization in Leymus chinensis mowing meadow. Ecology and Environmental Sciences (生态环境学报), 2017, 26(4): 620-627 (in Chinese)
[24] Xue S (薛萐), Liu G-B (刘国彬), Dai Q-H (戴全厚), et al. Dynamics of soil microbial biomass on the abandoned cropland in loess hilly area. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2009, 42(3): 943-950 (in Chinese)
[25] Liu Y-L (刘玉林), Zhu G-Y (朱广宇), Deng L (邓蕾), et al. Effects of natural vegetation restoration and afforestation on soil carbon and nitrogen storage in the Loess Plateau, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2018, 29(7): 2163-2172 (in Chinese)
[26] Liang B (梁斌), Zhou J-B (周建斌), Yang X-Y (杨学云), et al. Effect of different crop rotation systems and continuous fallow on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen under different fertilizer treatments. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2009, 17(2): 209-214 (in Chinese)
[27] Li X-Y (李秀英), Zhao B-Q (赵秉强), Li X-H (李絮花), et al. Effects of different fertilization systems on soil microbe and its relation to soil fertility. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2005, 38(8): 1591-1599 (in Chinese)