Effects of biochar and EM application on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Sesbania cannabina in saline-alkali soil of the Yellow River Delta, China

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202009.006

Abstract

Abstract: We examined the effects of biochar and effective mircoorganisms (EM) application on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Sesbania cannabina in the Yellow River Delta, by a pot experiment with different EM treatments (without EM addition, EM-; with EM addition, EM+) and a gradient of biochar treatments (0, B₀; 0.5%, B₁; 1.5%, B₂; 3%, B₃; biochar weight/soil weight). The growth parameters, photosynthetic light response curve and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of S. cannabina were measured. The results showed that the EM+B₃ treatment had the best effect among all the treatments. Compared with the EM-B₀ treatment, the EM+B₃ treatment increased height, stem diameter, and total biomass by 69.5%, 90.0% and 141.1%, respectively. Biochar and EM significantly improved photosynthetic capacity. Compared with the EM-B₀ treatment, the EM+B₃ treatment significantly enhanced the maximum light response of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, and stomatal conductance by 93.8%, 35.1%, 43.4%, and 34.8%, respectively. Biochar and EM improved the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence. Compared with the EM-B₀ treatment, the EM+B₃ treatment significantly increased the potential photochemical efficiency, the actual photochemical efficiency, the apparent electron transport rate and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient by 25.8%, 31.5%, 37.2%, and 56.8%, respectively. The parameters of growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence increased with the increasing biochar under EM+ treatments, whereas the B₃ treatment had negative effect under EM- treatments. The co-addition of EM and 3% biochar (EM+B₃) could improve the photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of S. cannabina, broaden light ecological amplitude, boost the water retention and drought resistance property, and promote the growth of S. cannabina.

Key words: biochar, effective mircoorganisms, Sesbania cannabina, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter

CUI Qian, XIA Jiang-bao, LIU Jing-tao, YANG Hong-jun, PENG Ling. Effects of biochar and EM application on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Sesbania cannabina in saline-alkali soil of the Yellow River Delta, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(9): 3101-3110.

References

[1] 姚荣江, 杨劲松. 黄河三角洲地区土壤盐渍化特征及其剖面类型分析. 干旱区资源与环境, 2007, 21(11): 106-112 [Yao R-J, Yang J-S. Analysis on salinity characteristics and profiles types of saline soils in the Yellow River Delta. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2007, 21(11): 106-112]
[2] 王娜娜, 齐伟, 王丹, 等. 基于样带的滨海盐碱地土壤养分和盐分的空间变异. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23(6): 1527-1532 [Wang N-N, Qi W, Wang D, et al. Spatial variability of soil nutrients and salinity in coastal saline-alkali land based belt transect method. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2012, 23(6): 1527-1532]
[3] Li JG, Pu LJ, Han M, et al. Soil salinization research in China: Advances and prospects. Journal of Geographi-cal Sciences, 2014, 24: 943-960
[4] 孙佳, 夏江宝, 苏丽, 等. 黄河三角洲盐碱地不同植被模式的土壤改良效应. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(4): 1323-1332 [Sun J, Xia J-B, Su L, et al. Soil amelioration of different vegetation types in saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(4): 1323-1332]
[5] 周健民. 浅谈我国土壤质量变化与耕地资源可持续利用.中国科学院院刊, 2015, 30(4): 459-467 [Zhou J-M. Evolution of soil quality and sustainable use of soil resources in China. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2015, 30(4): 459-467]
[6] Mohan D, Abhishek K, Sarswat A, et al. Biochar production and applications in soil fertility and carbon sequestration: A sustainable solution to crop-residue burning in India. RSC Advances, 2018, 8: 508-520
[7] 王彩云, 武春成, 曹霞, 等. 生物炭对温室黄瓜不同连作年限土壤养分和微生物群落多样性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(4): 1359-1366 [Wang C-Y, Wu C-C, Cao X, et al. Effects of biochar on soil nutrition and microbial community diversity under continuous cultivated cucumber soils in greenhouse. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(4): 1359-1366]
[8] Pandit NR, Mulder J, Hale SE, et al. Biochar improves maize growth by alleviation of nutrient stress in a modera-tely acidic low-input Nepalese soil. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 625: 1380-1389
[9] 李思平, 曾路生, 李旭霖, 等. 不同配方生物炭改良盐渍土对小白菜和棉花生长及光合作用的影响. 水土保持学报, 2019, 33(2): 363-368 [Li S-P, Zeng L-S, Li X-L, et al. Amelioration of saline Soil with different biochar fertilization formulas and its effects on growth and photosynthesis of Brassica Chinensis and Cotton. Journal of Soil and Water conservation, 2019, 33(2): 363-368]
[10] 曹雨桐, 佘冬立. 施用生物炭和聚丙烯酰胺对海涂围垦区盐碱土水力性质的影响. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(11): 3684-3690 [Cao Y-T, She D-L. Effects of biochar and PAM application on saline soil hydraulic properties of coastal reclamation region. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(11): 3684-3690]
[11] Huang MY, Zhang ZY, Zhu CL, et al. Effect of biochar on sweet corn and soil salinity under conjunctive irrigation with brackish water in coastal saline soil. Scientia Horticulturae, 2019, 250: 405-413
[12] 刘悦, 黎子涵, 邹博, 等. 生物炭影响作物生长及其与化肥混施的增效机制研究进展. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(3): 1030-1038 [Liu Y, Li Z-H, Zou B, et al. Research progress in effects of biochar application on crop growth and synergistic mechanism of biochar with fertilizer. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(3): 1030-1038]
[13] Zheng H, Wang X, Chen L, et al. Enhanced growth of halophyte plants in biocharamended coastal soil: Roles of nutrient availability and rhizosphere microbial modulation. Plant, Cell and Environment, 2018, 41: 517-532
[14] Talaat NB, Ghoniem AE, Abdelhamid MT, et al. Effective microorganisms improve growth performance, alter nutrients acquisition and induce compatible solutes accumulation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants subjected to salinity stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 2015, 75: 281-295
[15] El-Mageed TAA, Rady MM, Taha RS, et al. Effects of integrated use of residual sulfur-enhanced biochar with effective microorganisms on soil properties, plant growth and short-term productivity of Capsicum annuum under salt stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 2020, 261: 108930
[16] 韩忠明, 王云贺, 林红梅, 等. 吉林不同生境防风夏季光合特性. 生态学报, 2014, 34(17): 4874-4881 [Han Z-M, Wang Y-H, Lin H-M, et al. Photosynthetic characteristics of Saposhnikovia divaricata in different habitats in summer. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(17): 4874-4881]
[17] 刘易, 祁通, 孟阿静, 等. 生物质炭输入对盐胁迫下玉米幼苗生长和光合生理特征的影响. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(4): 182-188 [Liu Y, Qi T, Meng A-J, et al. Effect studying of biomass carbon input to growth and photosynthetic physiology feature of corn seedling cultivated on saliferous soil. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2017, 32(4): 182-188]
[18] 董金星, 杨梦娇, 陈小芳, 等. 生物炭作为EM菌载体影响因素及其条件优化. 安徽科技学院学报, 2015, 29(6): 81-86 [Dong J-X, Yang M-J, Chen X-F, et al. The impact factors and the conditional optimization of biochar as the carrier of effective microorgani-sms. Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University, 2015, 29(6): 81-86]
[19] 王志远, 张广娜, 于军香, 等. EM 菌结合有机物料还田对桃园土壤理化性质及桃叶片光合特性的影响. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(9): 2657-2662 [Wang Z-Y, Zhang G-N, Yu J-X, et al. Influences of EM application with organic material input on soil physicochemical pro-perties and peach photosynthetic characteristics. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(9): 2657-2662]
[20] 李成明, 张如莲, 高玲, 等. 田菁种子发芽条件研究. 热带农业科学, 2012, 32(12): 16-18 [Li C-M, Zhang R-L, Gao L, et al. Germination conditions on Sesbania cannabina seeds. Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 2012, 32(12): 16-18]
[21] Li Y, Li XY, Liu YJ, et al. Genetic diversity and community structure of rhizobia nodulating Sesbania cannabina in saline-alkaline soils. Systematic and Applied Microbio-logy, 2016, 39: 195-202
[22] 谢宝华, 路峰, 韩广轩. 入侵植物互花米草的资源化利用研究进展. 中国生态农业学报, 2019, 27(12): 1870-1879 [Xie B-H, Lu F, Han G-X. Resource utilization of invasive Spartina alterniflora: A review. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2019, 27(12): 1870-1879]
[23] 张守仁. 叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论. 植物学通报, 1999, 16(4): 444-448 [Zhang S-R. A discussion on chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters and their significance. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 1999, 16(4): 444-448]
[24] Ye ZP. A new model for relationship between irradiance and the rate of photosysthesis in Oryza sativa. Photosynthetica, 2007, 45: 637-640
[25] Meng L, Rahman A, Han SH, et al. Growth of Zelkova serrata seedings in a containerised production system treated with effective microorganisms and biochar. Journal of Tropical forest Science, 2018, 30: 49-57
[26] 袁金华, 徐仁扣. 生物质炭的性质及其对土壤环境功能影响的研究进展. 生态环境学报, 2011, 20(4): 779-785 [Yuan J-H, Xu R-K. Progress of the research on the properties of biochars and their influence on soil environmental functions. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2011, 20(4): 779-785]
[27] Rizwan M, Ali S, Abbas T, et al. Residual effects of biochar on growth, photosynthesis and cadmium uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Cd stress with different water conditions. Journal of Environmental Management, 2018, 206: 676-683
[28] 吴志庄, 王道金, 厉月桥, 等. 施用生物炭肥对黄连木生长及光合特性的影响. 生态环境学报, 2015, 24(6): 992-997 [Wu Z-Z, Wang D-J, Li Y-Q, et al. Effects of biochar fertilizer application on growth properities and photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of Pistacia chinensis Bunge. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2015, 24(6): 992-997]
[29] 刘世杰, 窦森. 黑碳对玉米生长和土壤养分吸收与淋失的影响. 水土保持学报, 2009, 23(1): 79-82 [Liu S-J, Dou S. The effects of black carbon on growth of maize and the absorption and leaching of nutrients. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 23(1): 79-82]
[30] 艾尔买克·才卡斯木, 钟海霞, 张雯, 等. EM菌对NaCl胁迫下核桃幼苗生长、光合特性及抗氧化系统的影响. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(10): 1803-1809 [Aiermauke C, Zhong H-X, Zhang W, et al. Effects of EM fungi on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant system of walnut seedlings under NaCl stress. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(10): 1803-1809]
[31] Wittenmayer L, Szabó K. The role of root exudates in specific apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) replant disease (SARD). Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2000, 163: 399-404
[32] 张利刚, 曾凡江, 刘波, 等. 绿洲-荒漠过渡带四种植物光合及生理特征的研究. 草业学报, 2012, 21(1): 103-111 [Zhang L-G, Zeng F-J, Liu B, et al. Study of the photosynthesis characteristics and physical signs of four plants at the desert-oasis ecotone. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 21(1): 103-111]
[33] Gerard C, Zofïa K, Stavros K. Relations between environmental black carbon sorption and geochemical sorbent characteristics. Environmental Science Technology, 2004, 38: 3632-3640
[34] 姜天华, 温立柱, 郭芸珲, 等. 生物炭与氮肥配施对牡丹叶片氮素营养和籽粒品质的影响. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(9): 2939-2946 [Jiang T-H, Wen L-Z, Guo Y-H, et al. Effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer application on nitrogen nutrition in leaves and seed qua-lity of tree peony. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 28(9): 2939-2946]
[35] 郭相平, 王甫, 王振昌, 等. 不同灌溉模式对水稻抽穗后叶绿素荧光特征及产量的影响. 灌溉排水学报, 2017, 36(3): 1-6 [Guo X-P, Wang F, Wang Z-C, et al. Effects of irrigation modes on yield and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics after heading stage of rice. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2017, 36(3): 1-6]
[36] 陈盈, 张满利, 刘宪平, 等. 生物炭对水稻齐穗期叶绿素荧光参数及产量构成的影响. 作物杂志, 2016(3): 94-98 [Chen Y, Zhang M-L, Liu X-P, et al. Effects of biochar on chlorophyll fluorescence at full heading stage and yield components of rice. Crops, 2016(3): 94-98]
[37] 阿力木·阿布来提, 姚怀柱, 宋云飞, 等. 海涂土壤结构改良对水稻叶绿素荧光参数和产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(10): 3435-3442 [A Limu A, Yao H-Z, Song Y-F, et al. Effects of soil structure improvement on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield of rice in a coastal reclamation region. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(10): 3435-3442]