Effects of tillage and fertility on soil nitrogen balance and greenhouse gas emissions of wheat-maize rotation system in Central Henan Province, China.

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202105.027

Abstract

Abstract: Energy saving, emission reduction, and efficiency improvement are important directions for agricultural development in Central Henan Province, the main grain production area in the Huang-huai-hai Plain. Based on the tillage and fertilization positioning experiment in 2010, we investigated the effects of three tillage methods (deep tillage, shallow tillage, and no-tillage) and two fertilization methods (nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer+organic fertilizer) on soil nitrogen balance and greenhouse gas emissions from 2018 to 2019. The results showed that soil nitrogen accumulation increased with organic fertilizer addition. During wheat and maize maturation, soil total nitrogen accumulation in the 0-60 cm layer was the highest under the treatment of shallow tillage+organic fertilizer, being 8058.53 and 8299 kg N·hm^-2, respectively, being 3.2%-27.4% and 4.3%-7.2% higher than other treatments. The treatment with organic fertilizer addition resulted in nitrogen surplus. The shallow tillage+organic fertilizer treatment led to the highest nitrogen surplus (13.57 kg N·hm^-2), which was 9.52 and 0.18 kg N·hm^-2 higher than deep tillage+organic fertilizer and no tillage+organic fertilizer treatments. Nitrate leaching was the main way of nitrogen losses, accounting for 73.4%-76.9% of the total losses. The amount of nitrate leaching was the highest in deep tillage+organic fertilizer treatment (48.37 kg N·hm^-2), being 18.9%-35.1% higher than other treatments. Results of greenhouse gases emission during 2018-2019 showed that global warming potential was the highest under the treatment of deep tillage+organic fertilizer, which was 33070 kg N·hm^-2, being 6.6%-26.8% higher than other treatments. The treatment of organic fertilizer addition increased the emission of N₂O and CO₂ and reduced the absorption of CH₄. The annual grain yield was highest under the treatment of deep tillage+organic fertilizer, which was 5.0%-17.1% higher than other treatments. The crop harvest index was the highest under the treatment of shallow tillage+organic fertilizer. The recommended cropping mode in Central Henan Pro-vince is shallow tillage+organic fertilizer, which could ensure crop yields, maintain soil nitrogen balance, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Key words: organic fertilizer, tillage, wheat-maize rotation, soil nitrogen, greenhouse gas

ZHANG Dai-jing, HU Xiao, MA Jian-hui, GUO Yu-xin, ZONG Jie-jing, YANG Xue-qian. Effects of tillage and fertility on soil nitrogen balance and greenhouse gas emissions of wheat-maize rotation system in Central Henan Province, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(5): 1753-1760.

References

[1] Hu XK, Su F, Ju XT, et al. Greenhouse gas emissions from a wheat-maize double cropping system with different nitrogen fertilization regimes. Environmental Pollution, 2013, 176: 198-207
[2] 吕锦慧, 武均, 张军, 等. 不同耕作措施下旱作农田土壤CH₄、CO₂排放特征及其影响因素. 干旱区资源与环境, 2018, 32(12): 26-33 [Lyu J-H, Wu J, Zhang J, et al. The emission characteristics and influence factors of CH₄ and CO₂ in upland soil under different tillage measures. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2018, 32(12): 26-33]
[3] 宋霄君, 吴会军, 武雪萍, 等. 长期保护性耕作可提高表层土壤碳氮含量和根际土壤酶活性. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6): 1588-1597 [Song X-J, Wu H-J, Wu X-P, et al. Long-term conservation tillage improves surface soil carbon and nitrogen content and rhizosphere soil enzyme activities. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(6): 1588-1597]
[4] Meek BD, Carter DL, Westermann DT, et al. Nitrate leaching under furrow irrigation as affected by crop sequence and tillage. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1995, 59: 204-210
[5] Lu XL, Lu XN, Tanveer SK, et al. Effects of tillage management on soil CO₂ emission and wheat yield under rain-fed conditions. Soil Research, 2016, 54: 38-48
[6] Six J, Ogle SM, Jay BF, et al. The potential to mitigate global warming with no-tillage management is only rea-lized when practiced in the long-term. Global Change Biology, 2004, 10: 155-160
[7] Zhang ZS, Cao CG, Guo LJ, et al. Emissions of CH₄ and CO₂ from paddy fields as affected by tillage practices and crop residues in central China. Paddy and Water Environment, 2016, 14: 85-92
[8] Zhu XY, Chang L, Liu J, et al. Exploring the relationships between soil fauna, different tillage regimes and CO₂ and N₂O emissions from black soil in China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2016, 103: 106-116
[9] Niu YH, Cai YJ, Chen ZM, et al. No-tillage did not increase organic carbon storage but stimulated N₂O emissions in an intensively cultivated sandy loam soil: A negative climate effect. Soil and Tillage Research, 2019, 195: 104-119
[10] Zhang L, Zheng JC, Chen LJ, et al. Integrative effects of soil tillage and straw management on crop yields and greenhouse gas emissions in a rice-wheat cropping system. European Journal of Agronomy, 2015, 63: 47-54
[11] 赵伟, 王宏燕, 于佳, 等. 农肥和化肥对黑土农田生态系统氮素循环与平衡影响的研究. 水土保持学报, 2010, 24(1): 155-158 [Zhao W, Wang H-Y, Yu J, et al. Effects of agricultural fertilizer and chemical fertili-zer on nitrogen cycle and balance in black soil farmland ecosystem. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 24(1): 155-158]
[12] 盖霞普, 刘宏斌, 翟丽梅, 等. 长期增施有机肥/秸秆还田对土壤氮素淋失风险的影响. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(12): 2336-2347 [Gai X-P, Liu H-B, Zhai L-M, et al. Effect of long-term application of organic fertilizer/straw mulching on soil nitrogen leaching risk. Chinese Agricultural Science, 2018, 51(12): 2336-2347]
[13] 梁路, 马臣, 张然, 等. 有机无机肥配施提高旱地麦田土壤养分有效性及酶活性. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(4): 544-554 [Liang L, Ma C, Zhang R, et al. The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer increased the availability of soil nutrients and enzyme activities in upland wheat fields. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(4): 544-554]
[14] 张黛静, 宗洁静, 马建辉, 等. 小麦-玉米周年耕作方式与增施有机肥对夏玉米土壤有机碳库及温室气体排放的影响. 生态环境学报, 2019, 28(10): 1927-1935 [Zhang D-J, Zong J-J, Ma J-H, et al. Effects of annual whet-maize tillage and organic fertilizer application on soil organic carbon pool and greenhouse gas emission of summer maize. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2019, 28(10): 1927-1935]
[15] 刘韵, 柳文丽, 朱波. 施肥方式对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作土壤N₂O排放的影响. 土壤学报, 2016, 53(3): 735-745 [Liu Y, Liu W-L, Zhu B. Effects of fertilization on soil N₂O emission from winter wheat-summer maize rotation. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2016, 53(3): 735-745]
[16] Yang B, Xiong Z, Wang J, et al. Mitigating net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensities by substituting chemical nitrogen fertilizers with organic fertilization strategies in rice-wheat annual rotation systems in China: A 3-year field experiment. Ecological Engineering, 2015, 81: 289-297
[17] 李燕青, 温延臣, 林治安, 等. 不同有机肥与化肥配施对作物产量及农田氮肥气态损失的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(11): 1835-1846 [Li Y-Q, Wen Y-C, Lin Z-A, et al. Effects of different organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on crop yield and gas loss of nitrogen fertilizer in farmland. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(11): 1835-1846]
[18] Castro MS, Peterjohn WT, Melillo JM, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the fluxes of N₂O, CH₄ and CO₂ from soils in a Florida slash pine plantation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 1994, 24: 9-13
[19] 徐万里, 刘骅, 张云舒, 等. 新疆灰漠土区不同肥料配比土壤氨挥发原位监测. 生态学报, 2009, 29(8): 4565-4571 [Xu W-L, Liu H, Zhang Y-S, et al. In situ monitoring of ammonia volatilization in soil with different fertilizer ratios in gray desert area of Xinjiang. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(8): 4565-4571]
[20] 杨振兴, 周怀平, 关春林, 等. 长期秸秆还田对旱地土壤硝态氮分布与累积的影响.华北农学报, 2013, 28(3): 179-182 [Yang Z-X, Zhou H-P, Guan C-L, et al. Effects of long-term straw mulching on nitrate distribution and accumulation in upland soil. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2013, 28(3): 179-182]
[21] 姚凡云, 王立春, 多馨曲, 等. 不同氮肥对东北春玉米农田温室气体周年排放的影响. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(4): 1303-1311 [Yao F-Y, Wang L-C, Duo X-Q, et al. Effect of different nitrogen fertilizer on annual greenhouse gas emission in northeast spring corn fields. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(4): 1303-1311]
[22] IPCC. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I. Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013
[23] 高洪军, 朱平, 彭畅, 等. 等氮条件下长期有机无机配施对春玉米的氮素吸收利用和土壤无机氮的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(2): 318-325 [Gao H-J, Zhu P, Peng C, et al. Effects of long-term organic and inorganic fertilizer application on nitrogen uptake and utilization of spring maize and soil inorganic nitrogen under constant nitrogen conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(2): 318-325]
[24] 张恒恒. 北方旱地免耕下土壤氮储量及肥料氮去向研究. 硕士论文. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2016 [Zhang H-H. Study on Soil Nitrogen Reserve and Fertili-zer Nitrogen Disposition under No-tillage in Northern Upland. Master Thesis. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2016]
[25] Marco M, Daniele A, Claudia DB, et al. Soil carbon and nitrogen changes after 28 years of no-tillage management under Mediterranean conditions. European Journal of Agronomy, 2016, 77: 156-165
[26] 王玥凯, 郭自春, 张中彬, 等. 不同耕作方式对砂姜黑土物理性质和玉米生长的影响. 土壤学报, 2019, 56(6): 1370-1380 [Wang Y-K, Guo Z-C, Zhang Z-B, et al. Effects of different tillage methods on physical properties and maize growth of black soil of sand ginger. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2019, 56(6): 1370-1380]
[27] 丁世杰, 熊淑萍, 马新明, 等. 耕作方式与施氮量对小麦-玉米复种系统玉米季土壤氮素转化及产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(1): 142-150 [Ding S-J, Xiong S-P, Ma X-M, et al. Effects of tillage and nitrogen application on soil nitrogen conversion and yield in wheat-maize double cropping system. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(1): 142-150]
[28] 李军, 辛晓通, 李嘉琦, 等. 玉米-大豆轮作条件下长期定位施肥对土壤酶活性的影响. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2015, 46(4): 417-423 [Li J, Xin X-T, Li J-Q, et al. Effects of long-term localized fertilization on soil enzyme activities under maize-soybean rotation. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2015, 46(4): 417-423]
[29] Manevski K, Rgesen CD, Li XX, et al. Optimising crop production and nitrate leaching in China: Measured and simulated effects of straw incorporation and nitrogen fertilisation. European Journal of Agronomy, 2016, 80: 32-44
[30] Kramer SB, Reganold JP, Glover JD, et al. Reduced nitrate leaching and enhanced denitrifier activity and efficiency in organically fertilized soils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006, 103: 4522-4527
[31] Yeboah S, Zhang R, Cai L, et al. Greenhouse gas emissions in a spring wheat-field pea sequence under diffe-rent tillage practices in semi-arid northwest China. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2016, 106: 77-91
[32] Hayakawa A, Akiyama H, Sudo S, et al. N₂O and NO emissions from an Andisol field as influenced by pelleted poultry manure. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2009, 41: 521-529
[33] Maike K, Reiner R, Torsten M, et al. Impact of reduced tillage on greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon stocks in an organic grass-clover ley-winter wheat cropping sequence. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2017, 239: 324-333
[34] Zhang DJ, Yang XQ, Wang YJ, et al. Changes in soil organic carbon fractions and bacterial community composition under different tillage and organic fertiliser application in a maize-wheat rotation system. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B: Soil and Plant Science, 2020, 70: 457-466
[35] 李娟, 葛磊, 曹婷婷, 等. 有机肥施用量和耕作方式对旱地土壤水分利用效率及作物生产力的影响. 水土保持学报, 2019, 33(2): 121-127 [Li J, Ge L, Cao T-T, et al. Effects of organic fertilizer application and tillage on soil water use efficiency and crop productivity in upland areas. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2019, 33(2): 121-127]