Effects of nitrogen supply on nutritional quality and antioxidative enzyme activities of spinach

Abstract

Abstract: A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen (N) supply on the nutritional quality and antioxidative enzyme activities of spinach.The results showed that when the N supply increased from 4 to 8 mmol稬^-1,the biomass of spinach and its leaf vitamin C (Vc) content increased significantly,but a further increase of the N supply induced an obvious decrease of Vc content.An increasing N supply increased the nitrate content in leaves.The soluble oxalate content in leaves decreased slightly with the N supply from 4 to 8 mmol稬^-1 N,but increased with a further increase of supplied N.Total oxalate content increased firstly,and then decreased with increasing N supply.SOD and POD activities increased with the N level up to 8 mmol稬^-1 N,but drastically decreased with increasing N levels.CAT activity decreased when N level elevated.MDA content decreased firstly and then increased with increasing N levels,while free proline content decreased with increasing N supply.All of these indicated that 8 mmol稬^-1 N was an appropriate N supply level for spinach to improve its biomass,nutritional quality,and resistance.

Key words: Spinacia oleracea, Nitrogen supply, Nitrate, Vitamin C, Oxalate, Antioxidative enzyme activities, Proline

CLC Number:

S636.1

ZHANG Yingpeng, LIN Xianyong, ZHANG Yongsong . Effects of nitrogen supply on nutritional quality and antioxidative enzyme activities of spinach[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(3): 519-523.

References

[1] Ahmed AK, Johnson KA. 2000. The effect of the ammonium:Nitrate ration, total nitrogen, salinity(NaCl) and calcium on the oxalate levels of Tetragonia tetragonioides Pallas Kunz. J Hort Sci Biotech, 75(5):533～538
[2] Aloni B, Karni L, Rylski I, et al. 1994. The effect of nitrogen fertilization and shading on the incidence of "colour spots" in sweet pepper(Capsicum annuum) fruit. J Hort Sci, 69 (4):767～773
[3] Baker CJL. 1954. The determination of oxalates in fresh plant materials. Analyst, 77:340～344
[4] Blom-Zandstra M. 1989. Nitrate accumulation in vegetables and its relationship to quality. Ann Appl Biol, 115:553～561
[5] Delauney AJ, Verma DPS. 1993. Proline biosynthesis and osmo-regulation in plants. Plant J, 44:215～223
[6] Elia A, Santamaria P, Serio F. 1998. Nitrogen nutrition, yield and quality of spinach. J Sci Food Agric, 76:341～346
[7] Hare PD, Cress WA, van Staden J. 1999. Proline synthesis and degradation:A model system for elucidating stess-related signal transduction. J Exp Bot, 50:413～434
[8] Hughes J, Norman RW. 1992. Diet and calcium stones. Can Med Assoc J, 146:137～142
[9] Lee SK, Kadet AA. 2000. Preharvest and postharvest factors influcing vitamin C content of horticultural crops. Postharvest Biol Technol, 20:207～220
[10] Li H-H(李会合),Wang Z-Y(王正银),Li B-Z(李宝珍).2004.Relationship between vegetable nutrition and nitrate content. Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),15(9):1667～1672(in Chinese)
[11] Li H-S(李合生). 2000. Principle and Technology of Physiological and Biochemical Experiment of Plants. Beijing:High Education Press. 123～124,246～247(in Chinese)
[12] Libert B, Francechi VR. 1987. Oxalate in crop plants.J Agric Food Chem, 35:926～938
[13] Lin X-Y(林成永),Zhang Y-S(章永松),Luo A-C(罗安程),et al. 2002. Tolerance of wheat genotypes to Al toxicity in relation to their rhizosphere pH, Nt4 + and NO₃^- uptake, and nitrate reduction under Al stress.PlantNutrFert Sci(植物营养与肥料学报),8(3):330 334(in Chinese)
[14] Lin X-Y(林咸永),Zhang Y-S(章永松),Su L(苏玲),et al.2000. Effects of phosphorus and potassium on some physiological and biochemical properties of barley under waterlogging stress.Plant Nutr Fert Sci(植物营养与肥料学报),6(2):159～165(in Chinese)
[15] Lutts S, Majerus V, Kinet JM. 1999. NaCl effects on proline metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings. Physiol Plant, 105:450～458
[16] Ma M-T(马茂桐),Chen J-X(陈际型),Xie J-C(谢建昌).1997.Nutrient status and fertilization of vegetable garden soil in China.In:Xie J-C(谢建昌),Chen J-X(陈际型),eds.Soil Fertility of Vegetable Soils and Rational Fertilization of Vegetable Crops. Nanjing:Hehai University Press. 25～33 (in Chinese)
[17] Machackova I, Hansisova A, Krekule J. 1989. Levels of ethylene,ACC, MACC, ABA and proline as indicators of cold hardening and frost resistance in winter wheat. Physiol Plant, 76:603～607
[18] Mozafar A. 1993. Nitrogen fertilizers and the amount of vitamins in plants:A review. J Plant Nutr, 16(12):2479～2506
[19] Nakata PA. 2003. Advances in our understanding of calcium oxalate crystal formation and function in plants. Plant Sci, 164:901～909
[20] Noonan SC, Savage GP. 1999. Oxalate content of foods and its effect on humans. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr, 8 (1):64～74
[21] Sánchez E, López-lefebre LR, Garcia PC, et al. 2001. Proline metabolism in response to highest nitrogen dosages in green bean plants(Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Strike). J Plant Physiol, 158:593～598
[22] Sánchez E, Ruiz JM, Romero L. 2001. The response of proline metabolism to nitrogen deficiency in pods and seeds of French bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Strike)plants. J Sci Food Agric, 81:1471～1475
[23] Sánchez E, Ruiz JM, Romero L. 2002. Proline metabolism in response to nitrogen toxicity in fruit of French Bean plants(Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Strike). Sci Hort, 93:225～233
[24] Shevyakova NI. 1984. Metabolism and the physiological role of proline in plants under conditions of water and salt stress. Sov Plant Physiol, 31:597～608
[25] Sorensen JN, Johansen AS, Poulsen N. 1994. Influence of growth conditions on the value of crisphead lettuce 1. Marketable and nutritional quality as affected by nitrogen supply, cultivar and plant age.Plant Food Hum Nutr,46:1～11
[26] Wang Q(王庆),Wang L(王丽),He C-Y(赫崇岩),et al.2000. Study on accumulation effect and control measure of nitrate with application of excessive nitrogenous fertilizer for different vegetables Agro-Environ Prot(农业环境保护),19(1):46～49(in Chinese)
[27] Wang Z-H(王朝辉),Li S-X(李生秀),Tian X-H(田霄鸿).1998.Influence of nitrogen rates on nitrate accumulation in vegetables.Plant Nutr Fert Sci(植物营养与肥料学报),4(1):22～28(in Chinese)
[28] Wang Z-H(王朝辉),Zhong Z-Q(宗志强),Li S-X(李生秀).2002. Difference of several major nutrients accumulation in vegetable and cereal crop soils.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),13(9):1091～1094 (in Chinese)
[29] Wu X-G(吴兴国).2001.Causes and preventive measures of salt accumulation on face soil in vegetable greenhouse. J Zhejiang Wanli Univ(浙江万里学院学报),14(3):19～21(in Chinese)
[30] Yuan X-M(袁新民),Yang X-Y(杨学云),Tong Y-A(同延安),et al. 2001. Effect of N-fertilizer rate on soil nitrate nitrogen accumulation.Agric Res Arid Areas(干旱地区农业研究),19(1):8～13(in Chinese)
[31] Zaiffiejad M, Clark RB, Sullivan CY. 1997. Aluminum and water stress effects on growth and proline of sorghum. J Plant Physiol,150:338～344
[32] Zhang Q-Z(张庆忠),Chen X(陈欣),Shen S-M(沈善敏).2002. Advances in studies on accumulation and leaching of nitrate in farming soil.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),13(2):233～238(in Chinese)
[33] Zhang X-Z(张宪政).1992.Research Method of Crop Physiology.Beijing:Agricultural Press.207～212,215 216(in Chinese)
[34] Zhuang S-Y(庄舜尧),Sun X-T(孙秀廷).1995.Effect of nitrogen fertilizers on nitrate accumulation in vegetables.Prog Soil Sci(土壤学进展),23(3):29～35(in Chinese)