Abstract: In this paper,an investigation was made on the temporal-spatial dynamics of the functional groups of natural enemies in the jujube orchard 2.5 km west of Taigu (112°8′E,38°9′N,780 m elevation),Shanxi Province in 2002,aimed to work out an effective strategy to control the pests there.In this orchard,four management modes were applied,i.e.,intercropping herbage combined with integrated pest management (IPM),intercropping combined with conventional pest management (CM),intercropping with no pest management (NM),and non-intercropping (CK).The results indicated that the total number of natural enemies in IPM,CM and NM was 187.99%,151.82% and 210.03% higher than CK,respectively,and the recovery and reconstruction rates as well as the average breadth and overlap indices of two dimensional temporal-spatial niches of the functional groups were higher in intercropping modes than in CK.The average diversity index of the functional groups in intercropping modes was significantly bigger than that in CK,but the fluctuation of the diversity standard error of the functional groups was significantly smaller (P<0.05).The fluctuation trends of the dominance,diversity,and evenness of functional groups had a significant correlation (P<0.01) with those of species.These results showed that intercropping herbage in jujube orchard was favorable to the conservation,proliferation,and making use of natural enemies.The natural enemy’s community in jujube orchard intercropped with herbage was more stable than that without intercropping,and the numbers and functions of the functional groups were differed with different management modes and different stages.Among the functional groups of natural enemies,ladybirds had a stronger ability of recovery,while spiders and parasitoids were weaker.It was feasible to use functional groups instead of species to study the natural enemy’s community in jujube orchard.

Key words: Penaeus chinensis, Carbon budget, Temperature, Body weight