Abstract: An investigation was made on the community structure and diversity of butterfly in the Mt. Liupanshan National Nature Reserve of Ningxia. There were 130 species, belonging to 5 families and 68 genera. Nymphalidae had the highest number of genus (33) and species (68), while Papilionidae only had 2 genera and 2 species. Lycaenidae had the highest richness index (1.75) and evenness index (0.84), Nymphalidae had the highest diversity index (3.01), Pieridae had the highest dominance index (0.90), while Papilionidae had the lowest richness index (0.37), diversity index (0.40), and dominance index (0). In the subfamily of Nymphalidae, Satyrinae had the highest number of genera (13) and species (24), Libytheinae only had 1 genus and 1 species, Apaturinae had the highest richness index (1.11) and evenness index (0.84), Limenitinae had the highest diversity index (2.04), and Satyrinae had the highest dominance index (0.96).

Key words: Insecta, Lepidoptera, biodiversity, species richness, litter decomposition, micronutrient, seasonal rainfall, subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest.