Silicon dynamics and cycling flux in soil-crop systems of Suzhou rice cultivation: A comparative analysis of multiple cropping rotation

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202511.013

Abstract

Abstract: In paddy soil-crop system, the mutual transformation of silicon (Si) accelerated biogeochemical cycle, which is a significant factor governing Si export in terrestrial ecosystems. To understand the Si cycling in paddy field and their responses to agricultural management during paddy production, we conducted a 3-year (2020-2022) in-situ monitoring of soil Si and rice Si accumulation in typical rice cultivation systems of Suzhou (rice-rape rotation system, rice-wheat rotation system, rice-wheat/rape rotation system, and integrated rice-aquaculture farming system). We evaluated soil and rice Si pool, as well as the annual Si exchange fluxes in the soil-rice system. The results showed that both the labile and total Si pools exhibited a declining trend during the rice growing season across all the examined systems, reaching their lowest levels at maturity, and followed by a rebound trend with fluctuations. The Si fixation by crops ranged from (431.65±115.73) to (670.33±211.07) kg·hm^-2·a^-1, primarily contributed by rice plant (88.0%-100%). Variations in annual biosilicon production among different rotation systems were mainly influenced by crop combinations under rotation and fallow practices, as well as soil available Si levels. Si input ranged from (61.34±11.26) to (130.36±30.55) kg·hm^-2·a^-1(via irrigation and rainfall), while Si output ranged from (149.20±47.30) to (231.22±83.23) kg·hm^-2·a^-1(via crop harvest). The Si fluxes contributed by crop residues return ranged from (296.60±74.55) to (462.52±139.26) kg·hm^-2·a^-1. From the perspective of crop Si utilization, soil Si pools contributed the most to crop Si accumulation (74.3%-89.5%), followed by the irrigation (11.7%-25.7%). Overall, rice systems in the study area exhibited a net loss of Si. In the short term, both the plant-available Si and amorphous Si pools exhibited a slight decrease, while in the long term, systems with higher net Si output flux exhibited lower content of labile Si. Appropriate Si conservation strategies should be taken to reduce the depletion rate of labile Si in paddy field.

Key words: paddy ecosystem, silicon dynamics, soil-crop silicon cycling, silicon flux, rotation pattern effect

HUANG Sihua, PU Lijie, XIE Jiayi, GE Yun. Silicon dynamics and cycling flux in soil-crop systems of Suzhou rice cultivation: A comparative analysis of multiple cropping rotation[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(11): 3353-3366.

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