Physiological and molecular biological mechanisms of heavy metal absorption and accumulation in hyperaccumualtors

Abstract

Abstract: In comparison with normal plants, hyperaccumulators have the ability to accumulate heavy metals in their shoots far exceeding those observed in soil, without suffering from detrimental effects.With the help of molecular technologies, the research on the mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation in hyperaccumulators has been made a great progress. Anumber of trace element transporters have been cloned by functional complementation with yeast mutants defective in metal absorption. The relations between glutathione, phytochelatins metallothioneins, organic acids and heavy metals have been studied by molecular technologies. This review concentrated on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of heavy metal absorption and sequestration in hyperaccumulators.

CLC Number:

X171.5

LI Wenxue, CHEN Tongbin. Physiological and molecular biological mechanisms of heavy metal absorption and accumulation in hyperaccumualtors[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (4): 627-631.

References

[1] Assuncao AGL, Martins PDC, Polter SD,et al.2001. Elevated expression of metal transporter genes in three accessions of the metal hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens Plant Cell Environ,24:217～226
[2] Chen T-B,Wei C-Y,Huang Z-C,et al.2002a. Arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. and its arsenic accumulation.Chin Sci Bull,47:902～905
[3] Chen T-B,Fan Z-L,Lei M,et al. 2002b. Arsenic uptake of hyperaccumulating fern Pteris vittata L.: Effect of phosphorus and its significance, Chin Sci Bull,47:1876～1879
[4] Clemens S, Kim EJ, Neumann D,et al.1999. Tolerance to toxic metals by a gene family of photochelatin synthase genes from plants and yeast.EMBO J,18:3325～3333
[5] Cobbett CS. 2000. Phytochelatin biosynthesis and function in heavy metal detoxification.Curr Opin Plant Biol,3:211～216
[6] Dhankher OP, Li Y, Rosen BP,et al. 2002. Engineering tolerance and hyperaccumulation of arsenic in plants by combining arsenate reductase and (-glutamylcysteine synthetase expression.Nature Biotech,20:1140～1145
[7] Ebbs S, Lau I, Ahner B,et al. 2002. Phytochelatin synthesis is not responsible for Cd tolerance in the Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescen.Planta,214(4):635～640
[8] Eide D, Broderius M, Fett J,et al. 1996. A novel iron-regulated metal transporter from plants identified by functional expression in yeast.Proc Natl Acad Sci,93:5624～5628
[9] Foley RC, Singh KB. 1994. Isolation of a Vicia faba metallothioneins-like gene: expression in foliar trichomes.Plant Mol Biol,26:435～444
[10] Foyer CH, Souriau N, Perret S,et al.1995. Overexpression of glutathione synthetase leads to increases in antioxidant capacity and resistance to photoinhibition in Polar trees.Plant Physiol,109:1047～1057
[11] Frey B, Keller K, Zierold K,et al.2000. Distribution of Zn in functionally different leaf epidermal cells of the hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens.Plant Physiol,23:675～687
[12] Garcia-Hernandez M, Murphy A, Taiz L. 1998. Metallothioneins 1 and 2 have distinct but overlapping expression patterns in Arabidopsis.Plant Physiol,118:387～397
[13] Goldsbrough PB. 1998. Metal tolerance in plants: the role of phytochelatins and metallothioneins. In: Terry N, Banuelos GS eds. Phytoremediation of trace elements.Michigan:Ann Arbor Press.
[14] Grill E, Loffler S, Winnacker EL,et al. 1989. Phytochelatins, the heavy metal binding peptides of plants, are synthesized from glutathione by a specific γ-glutamylcysteine dipeptidyl transpeptidase (phytochelatin synthase).Proc Natl Acad Sci,86:6838～6842
[15] Grill E, Winnacker EL, Zenk MH. 1987. Phytochelatins, a class of heavy metal binding peptides from plants, are functionally analogous to metallothioneins.Proc Natl Acad Sci,84:439～443
[16] Ha SB, Smith AP, Howden R,et al. 1999. Photochelatin synthase genes from Arabidopsis thaliana and the yeast,Schizosaccharomyses pombe.Plant Cell,11:1153～1164
[17] Hartley-Whitaker J, Ainsworth G, Vooijs R,et al.2001. Photochelatins are involved in differential arsenate tolerance in Holcus lanatus. Plant Physiol,126:299～306
[18] Howden R, Goldsbrough PB, Andersen CR,et al. 1995. Cadmium-sensitive,cad1, mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana are photochelatin deficient.Plant Physiol,107:1059～1066
[19] Kramer U, Cotter-Howells JD, Charnock JM,et al. 1996. Free histidine as a metal chelator in plants that accumulate nickel.Nature,379:635～636
[20] Kramer U, Pickering IJ, Prince RC,et al. 2000. Subcellular localization and speciation of nickel in hyperaccumulator and non-accumulator Thlaspi species. Plant Physiol,122:1343～1353
[21] Lasat MM, Pence SN, Garvin DF,et al. 2000. Molecular physiology of zinc transport in the Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens. J Exp Bot,51(342):71～79
[22] Murphy A, Zhou J, Goldsbrough PB,et al. 1997. Purification and immunological identification of metallothioneins 1 and 2 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol,113:1293～1301
[23] Nathalie ALM,Hassinen VH, Hakvoort HWJ,et al. 2001. Enhanced copper tolerance in Silene vulgaris(Moench) garcke populations from copper mines is associated with increased transcript levels of a 2b-type metallothionein gene.Plant Physiol,126:1519～1526
[24] Pence NS, Larsen PB, Ebbs SD,et al. 2000. The molecular physiology of heavy metal transport in the Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator.Proc Natl Acad Sci,97:4956～4960
[25] Persans MW, Yan XG, Patnoe JMML,et al.1999. Molecular dissection of the role of histidine in nickel hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi geosingense.Plant Physiol,121:1117～1126
[26] Poulter A, Collin HA, Thurman DA,et al. 1985. The role of the cell wall in the mechanism of lead and zinc tolerance in Anthoxanthum odoratum L.Plant Sci,42:61～66
[27] Salt DE, Prince RC, Pickering IJ,et al.1995. Mechanisms of cadmium mobility and accumulation in Indian mustard.Plant Physiol,109:1427～1433
[28] Schmoger MEV, Oven M, Grill E. 2000. Detoxification of arsenic by phytochelatins in plants.Plant Physiol,122:793～801
[29] Thomine S, Wang R, Ward JM,et al. 2000. Cadmium and iron transport by members of a plant metal transporter family in Arabidopsis with homology to Nramp genes.Proc Natl Acad Sci,97:4991～4996
[30] Vatamaniuk OK, Mari S, Lu YP,et al. 1999. AtpCS1, a photochelatin synthase genes from Arabidopsis thaliana:isolation and in vitro reconstitution.Proc Natl Acad Sci,96:7110～7115
[31] Wang J-H (王剑虹),Ma M (麻密). 2000. Biological mechanisms of phytoremediation.Chin Bull Bot(植物学通报),17(6): 504～510 (in Chinese)
[32] Wei C-Y (韦朝阳),Chen T-B (陈同斌). 2001. Hyperaccumulators and phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil: a review of studies in China and abroad.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),21(7):1196～1203 (in Chinese)
[33] Wei C-Y (韦朝阳),Chen T-B (陈同斌). 2002. The ecological and chemical character of plants in arsenic abnormal areas.Acta Phytoecol Sin(植物生态学报),26:695～700(in Chinese)
[34] Zaal BJVD, Neuteboom LW, Pinas JE,et al.1999. Overexpression of a novel Arabidopsis gene related to putative zinc-transporter genes from animals can lead to enhanced zinc resistance and accumulation.Plant Physiol,119:1047～1055
[35] Zenk MH. 1996. Heavy metal detoxification in higher plants-a review.Gene,179:21～30
[36] Zhao H, Eide D.1996a. The yeast ZRT1 gene encodes the zinc transporter protein of a high affinity uptake system induced by zinc limitation.Proc Natl Acad Sci,93:2454～2458
[37] Zhao H, Eide D. 1996b. The ZRT2 gene encodes the low affinity zinc transporter in Saccaromyces cerevisiae.J Biol Chem,271:23203～23210
[38] Zhu YL, Pilon-Smits EAH, Jouanin L.1999. Overexpression of glutathione synthetase in Indian mustard enhances cadmium accumulation and tolerance.Plant Physiol,119:73～79
[39] Zhu YL, Pilon-Smits EAH, Tarun AS,et al. 1999. Cadmium tolerance and accumulation in Indian mustard is enhanced by overexpressing γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase.Plant Physiol,121:1169～1177