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应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 1079-1087.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201904.028

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稳定性铵态氮肥在黑土和褐土中的氮素转化特征

油伦成1,2, 李东坡1*, 武志杰1, 崔磊1,2, 闫增辉3, 张金明3, 崔永坤3, 刘裕3   

  1. 1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016;
    2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    3锦西天然气化工有限责任公司, 辽宁葫芦岛 125001
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-17 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-04-20
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: lidp@iae.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:油伦成,男,1990年生,硕士研究生. 主要从事高效稳定性铵态氮肥研究. E-mail: youluncheng@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200707)资助

Nitrogen transformation of stable ammonium fertilizer in black soil and cinnamon soil

YOU Lun-cheng1,2, LI Dong-po1*, WU Zhi-jie1, CUI Lei1,2, YAN Zeng-hui3, ZHANG Jin-ming3, CUI Yong-kun3, LIU Yu3   

  1. 1Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
    2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3Jinxi Natural Gas Chemical Co. Ltd., Huludao 125001, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2018-12-17 Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-04-20
  • Contact: * E-mail: lidp@iae.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China in 13th Five-Year (2017YFD0200707).

摘要: 以稳定性氯化铵为氮源,采用室内培养的方法,研究0.20、0.50、1.00 g N·kg-1干土3种浓度的稳定性铵态氮肥在黑土、褐土中的氮素转化特征.结果表明: 在褐土中,随着氯化铵添加量的增加,土壤中发生硝化作用的时间逐渐推迟,添加0.20、0.50 g N·kg-1干土处理开始发生明显硝化反应的时间分别为第3、7天,在高浓度氮量(1.00 g N·kg-1干土)添加下硝化作用受到明显抑制;在黑土中,各浓度氮量添加处理开始发生硝化反应的时间相同,均为第3天,且随着添加量的增加,硝化作用潜势逐渐减弱.只加铵态氮肥的处理中,添加0.20 g N·kg-1干土的氯化铵氮肥在褐土和黑土中的硝化反应时间分别可维持3周和2周左右;添加0.50 g N·kg-1干土的氯化铵氮肥在褐土和黑土中的硝化反应时间分别可维持4周和3周左右.与单施氯化铵相比,黑土和褐土在0.20、0.50 g N·kg-1干土添加浓度下,按纯氮量的1.0%添加3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)、4.0%添加二氰二胺(DCD)均能显著抑制硝化作用,降低硝态氮的含量,抑制硝化作用潜势.综上,在褐土中,随着氯化铵添加浓度增加,土壤硝化作用受到抑制效果大于黑土.在0.20、0.50 g N·kg-1干土外源铵态氮时,添加抑制剂可以显著抑制铵态氮的硝化作用.因此室内硝化抑制剂培养试验时,建议铵态氮添加量不超过1.00 g N·kg-1干土,以0.50 g N·kg-1干土效果最好.

关键词: 铵态氮, 硝化作用潜势, 氯化铵, 硝化抑制剂, 硝态氮

Abstract: A chamber culture experiment was conducted to measure soil nitrogen transformation following application of stabilized ammonium fertilizers in black soil and cinnamon soil. There were three application levels (0.20, 0.50, 1.00 g N·kg-1 dry soil, respectively) of nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that nitrification gradually delayed with the increased amount of ammonium application in the cinnamon soil. The treatment of 1.00 g N·kg-1 significantly inhibited nitrification. Nitrification in the cinnamon soil occurred at day 3 and day 7 with 0.20, 0.50 g N·kg-1 dry soil respectively. In the black soil, nitrification occurred at day 3 in all treatments, with nitrification potential decreasing with the increases of ammonium application amount. Nitrification maintained three weeks and two weeks under treatment of 0.20 g N·kg-1 dry soil in cinnamon soil and in black soil, and maintained four weeks and three weeks under treatment of 0.50 g N·kg-1 dry soil. The application with nitrification inhibitors 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) of 1.0% of total nitrogen and dicyandiamide (DCD) of 4.0% of total nitrogen significantly inhibited nitrification, decreased nitrate concentration and nitrification potential. Our results suggested that nitrification would be inhibited as increased ammonium amount in cinnamon and higher than in black soil. In addition, nitrification was significantly inhibited under the ammonium addition rate of 0.20, 0.50 g N·kg-1 dry soil with nitrification inhibitor. Therefore, for the nitrification inhibitor culture experi-ment, it is recommended that the amount of ammonium addition does not exceed 1.00 g N·kg-1 dry soil, and the best concentration is 0.50 g N·kg-1 dry soil.

Key words: ammonium N, ammonium chloride, nitrate N, nitrification potential, nitrification inhibitor