基于土地利用的新疆兵团与非兵团生境质量时空演变的对比

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202007.014

应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 2341-2351.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202007.014

基于土地利用的新疆兵团与非兵团生境质量时空演变的对比

刘方田^1,2, 许尔琪^1*

¹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101;
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2020-03-26 接受日期:2020-05-06 出版日期:2020-07-15 发布日期:2021-01-15
通讯作者: E-mail: xueq@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:刘方田, 男, 1993年生, 博士研究生。主要从事土地利用及空间格局、生态环境效应研究。E-mail: 1102600329@qq.com
基金资助:
中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA20040201)和国家自然科学基金项目(41671097)资助

Comparison of spatial-temporal evolution of habitat quality between Xinjiang Corps and Non-corps Region based on land use

LIU Fang-tian^1,2, XU Er-qi^1*

¹Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2020-03-26 Accepted:2020-05-06 Online:2020-07-15 Published:2021-01-15
Contact: E-mail: xueq@igsnrr.ac.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20040201)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41671097).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 区域生境质量是生态系统健康水平的重要表征,研究土地利用变化及其引起的生境质量演变,有助于保护生物多样性、构建生态安全格局。为揭示土地利用格局变化下的新疆兵团与非兵团生境质量演变差异,本研究基于1990、2000、2010、2018年4期土地利用数据,利用InVEST模型定量评估新疆兵团与非兵团的生境质量,并分析二者时空分布异同。结果表明: 1990—2018年,兵团和非兵团土地利用类型总体较为稳定,主要表现为耕地和建设用地扩张、草地和未利用地逐渐减少。变化类型以草地、耕地相互转化,耕地转为建设用地为主;兵团的耕地和建设用地分别扩张8.3%、0.7%,草地和林地分别减少6.7%和0.3%;非兵团各地类的变化较小,草地面积减少1.5%,耕地和建设用地面积分别扩张1.2%和0.2%。研究期间,兵团和非兵团生境退化度均先降后升,生境质量整体降低。两地生境质量低值区主要分布在城镇并逐渐扩张;兵团高值区分布在盆地边缘,斑块趋于破碎化;非兵团高值区位于山地且变化较小。兵团生境质量水平高于自治区且下降速度较快。生境质量为较高或较低等级易转入中等等级,相比非兵团,兵团转入比例更高,生境破坏严重。经济发展导致两地低等级区域扩张较快,严重威胁区域生境质量。预测结果表明,2018—2035年,兵团及非兵团耕地和建设用地面积将逐渐增加,林地、草地将逐渐较少,导致生境质量水平呈下降趋势。

关键词: 土地利用, 生境质量, 时空变化, 新疆, 兵团

Abstract: Regional habitat quality is an important indicator of ecosystem health. Understanding land use change and habitat quality will help protect biodiversity and build an ecological security pattern. We used the InVEST model to quantitatively evaluate the habitat quality of the Xinjiang Corps and Non-corps Region based on land use data of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018, and further analyzed the similarities and differences of the spatiotemporal distribution. The results showed that from 1990 to 2018, Xinjiang's land use types were generally stable, characterized mainly by the expansion of cultivated land and construction land, and the decrease of grassland and unused land. The main changes were shown as the mutual conversion of grassland and cultivated land, and the conversion of cultivated land to construction land. The cultivated land and construction land of the Corps increased by 8.3% and 0.7%, while the grassland and forest land decreased by 6.7% and 0.3%, respectively. The change in the Non-corps region was relatively small, with a 1.5% reduction of grassland, a 1.2 % increases of cultivated land, and a 0.2% increase of construction land. From 1990 to 2018, the degree of habitat degradation in Xinjiang first decreased and then increased, with the quality of habitats decreasing gradually. The low-quality habitat areas were distributed in cities and towns, which gradually expand. The high-value areas of the Corps were distributed on the edge of the basin, and the patches tend to be fragmented. The high-value areas of the Non-corps Region were located in the mountains, with little change. The habitat quality level of Corps was higher than that of the Non-corps Region, with fast decline. Higher or lower habitat quality grades were easily transferred to medium ones. Compared with the Non-corps region, the transfer rate of the Corps was higher and the habitat damage was more severe. Economic development resulted in rapid expansion of low-level regions, which seriously threatened the quality of regional habitats. The prediction of land use showed that the area of cultivated and construction land in the Crops and the Non-corps Region would gradually increase in 2018-2035, and forest land and grassland would gradually decrease, which may lead to a gradual decline in habitat quality.

Key words: land use, habitat quality, spatiotemporal change, Xinjiang, Corps

刘方田, 许尔琪. 基于土地利用的新疆兵团与非兵团生境质量时空演变的对比[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(7): 2341-2351.

LIU Fang-tian, XU Er-qi. Comparison of spatial-temporal evolution of habitat quality between Xinjiang Corps and Non-corps Region based on land use[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(7): 2341-2351.

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基于土地利用的新疆兵团与非兵团生境质量时空演变的对比

Comparison of spatial-temporal evolution of habitat quality between Xinjiang Corps and Non-corps Region based on land use

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