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应用生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 2215-2225.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202308.021

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科尔沁沙丘-草甸相间地区生态安全格局的时空演变

马扩1,2,3, 郝丽娜1,2,3, 童新1,2,3, 段利民1,2,3, 曹文梅4, 康雪儿1,2,3, 刘小勇5, 刘廷玺1,2,3*   

  1. 1内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院, 呼和浩特 010018;
    2内蒙古自治区水资源保护与利用重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018;
    3黄河流域内蒙段水资源与水环境综合治理协同创新中心, 呼和浩特 010018;
    4华北理工大学建筑工程学院, 河北唐山 063210;
    5乌兰察布市水文勘测局, 内蒙古乌兰察布 012000
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-09 接受日期:2023-06-08 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2024-02-15
  • 通讯作者: E-mail: txliu1966@163.com
  • 作者简介:马 扩, 男, 1997年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事生态水文学研究。E-mail: 2252329732@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金委员会-中华人民共和国水利部-国家电力投资集团有限公司黄河水科学研究联合基金项目(U2243234)、内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD0015)、国家自然科学基金项目(52109022,51809141,51939006,51620105003)、内蒙古农业大学高层次人才引进科研启动项目(NDYB2020-8)、教育部创新团队发展计划项目(IRT_17R60)、科技部重点领域科技创新团队项目(2015RA4013)、内蒙古自治区科技领军人才团队项目(2022LJRC0007)和内蒙古农业大学基本科研业务费专项(BR221012)

Spatiotemporal variations of ecosystem security pattern in Horqin sandy dune meadow alternating area, China

MA Kuo1,2,3, HAO Lina1,2,3, TONG Xin1,2,3, DUAN Limin1,2,3, CAO Wenmei4, KANG Xueer1,2,3, LIU Xiaoyong5, LIU Tingxi1,2,3*   

  1. 1College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
    2Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Water Resources, Hohhot 010018, China;
    3Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River, Hohhot 010018, China;
    4College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, China;
    5Wulanchab Hydrological Survey Bureau, Wulanchabu 012000, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2023-03-09 Accepted:2023-06-08 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2024-02-15

摘要: 我国北方生态脆弱区自然地理环境复杂,人类活动干扰严重、气候变化影响显著,生态系统可持续发展面临严峻挑战,构建基于生态功能保护与生态脆弱性分析的安全格局能够对生态脆弱地区环境修复提供科学依据。本研究选择科尔沁沙丘-草甸相间地区为对象,基于1985—2021年土地利用变化数据,依据生态系统服务重要性和生态敏感性对生态源进行识别,并利用最小累积阻力模型构建生态安全格局,分析研究区1985、1995、2005、2015和2021年的生态安全格局及其发展变化趋势,探究生态空间布局调整策略。研究表明: 1985—2021年,研究区生态安全格局的源地面积占比始终较小且分布较为分散,生态廊道网络化程度偏低,缺少生态斑块之间的连通性;研究区生态安全格局经历先恶化后逐渐向好的发展趋势,退耕还林还草和植树造林等生态政策对研究区环境安全有明显的改善作用;结合耕地适宜性评价方法对研究区进行优化,生态安全格局呈现“双核-散点-半包围”的空间格局体系。研究结果可为生态脆弱区县域尺度生态安全格局构建以及科尔沁沙地的生态治理研究提供参考。

关键词: 土地利用变化, 生态源地, 生态廊道, 生态安全格局, 科尔沁沙丘-草甸相间地区

Abstract: The natural and geographical environment of ecologically fragile areas in northern China is complex. Due to heavy human disturbance and impacts of climate change, the sustainable development of ecosystems is facing serious challenges. Constructing ecological security pattern can provide decision-making basis for ecological environment protection in desertification areas. Based on land use change data of Horqin dune-meadow interphase area from 1985 to 2021, we identified ecological sources with the importance of ecosystem services and ecological sensitivity, and constructed the ecological security pattern using the minimum cumulative resistance model. We further analyzed the ecological security pattern and its development trend in 1985, 1995, 2005, 2015 and 2021, and explored the ecological spatial layout adjustment strategy. The results showed that the proportion of source area in the ecological security pattern of the study area was always small and scattered from 1985 to 2021, the network of ecological corridors was low, and the connectivity between ecological patches was lacking. The ecological security pattern had experienced a trend of deterioration first and then gradually improving. Ecological policies such as returning farmland to forest and grassland and afforestation had significantly improved the environmental security. We optimized the study area by combining the cultivated land suitability evaluation method. The ecological security pattern showed a spatial trend of ‘dual-core, scattered and semi-surrounded'. The results could provide references for the construction of county-scale ecological security pattern in ecologically fragile areas and the ecological management of Horqin sands.

Key words: land use change, ecological source, ecological corridor, ecological security pattern, Horqin sandy land dune meadow alternate area.