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应用生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 480-488.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202402.019

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城市生态绿楔土地利用变化及冷岛效应评估——以武汉市为例

刘慧民1,2, 钱文琦1, 唐路嘉1,2, 巫溢涵3,4,5*, 曾佳颖1   

  1. 1武汉大学城市设计学院, 武汉 430072;
    2武汉大学数字城市研究中心, 武汉 430072;
    3高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室, 上海 200092;
    4华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院, 武汉 430079;
    5湖北省城镇化工程技术研究中心, 武汉 430079
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-31 修回日期:2023-12-10 出版日期:2024-02-18 发布日期:2024-08-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: wuyihan@hust.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘慧民, 女, 1989年生, 博士, 副研究员, 硕士生导师。主要从事气候适应性空间规划、建成环境空间治理、城市规划信息化与城市规划新技术研究。E-mail: hmliu@whu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(52308079)、湖北省自然科学基金青年项目(2023AFB080)和高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室开放基金(20230107)

Assessment of land use change of ecological green wedge and cooling island effect: A case study of Wuhan, China

LIU Huimin1,2, QIAN Wenqi1, TANG Lujia1,2, WU Yihan3,4,5*, ZENG Jiaying1   

  1. 1School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    2Research Center for Digital City, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    3Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy Saving Study of Dense Habitat, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200092, China;
    4School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430079, China;
    5Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Urbanization, Wuhan 430079, China
  • Received:2023-10-31 Revised:2023-12-10 Online:2024-02-18 Published:2024-08-18

摘要: 建设城市生态绿楔,发挥其冷岛与通风降温作用以有效减缓热岛效应,是提升城市适应气候变化能力的重要抓手。对生态绿楔的保育情况及其冷岛效应开展动态化监测与周期性评估,是保障其热岛减缓效益的关键手段。本研究基于多源遥感数据,利用马尔可夫转移矩阵、土地利用动态度、土地利用程度综合指数等方法对2013、2020年武汉市六大生态绿楔的土地利用变化情况进行系统分析,并对生态绿楔的地表温度及其冷岛效应变化特征展开评估。结果表明: 2013—2020年,武汉市生态绿楔存在大量生态用地被建设用地侵占的情况,其中,水域面积下降最大。随着生态绿楔持续被侵蚀,六大绿楔地表温度均呈现上升趋势,同时,生态绿楔的冷岛效应也呈现减弱趋势。六大绿楔中,大东湖、汤逊湖和武湖生态保育程度较好,土地利用变化速度较慢、整体开发程度较低;青菱湖、后官湖保育程度一般;受武汉市西进政策影响,府河建设开发强度较高,水域占比下降程度(7.1%)、升温幅度(3.00 ℃)及冷岛效应影响距离缩减(210 m)均为六大绿楔中最高。研究结果可为面向热岛减缓的武汉市生态绿楔专项规划制定与管理等提供科学依据。

关键词: 生态绿楔, 土地利用变化, 冷岛效应, 规划评估

Abstract: The construction of urban ecological green wedges, which can mitigate the heat island effect through cooling and ventilation effects, is an important way to enhance the adaptation of cities to climate change. Dynamic monitoring and periodic assessment of both the conservation status and cooling effect of ecological green wedges is a key to ensure the heat mitigation benefits. Based on multi-source remote sensing data, we systematically analyzed the land use changes of six ecological green wedges in Wuhan in 2013 and 2020 using the methods of Markov transfer matrix, land use dynamics, and comprehensive index of land use degree, and evaluated the changes in surface temperature of the ecological green wedges and their cooling island effect. Results showed that the ecological green wedges in Wuhan generally had a large amount of construction land encroaching on ecological land from 2013 to 2020, with the water decreased the most. With the continuous deterioration of ecological green wedges, their land surface temperatures showed rising trends, together with significant weakening trends in cooling island effects. Among all the six wedges, the Dadonghu, Tangxun, and Wuhu exhibited relatively better ecological conservation, slighter land use change and lower overall development degree. Qinglinghu and Houguanhu demonstrated average levels of conservation. Fuhe experienced the most severe change under the significant influence of the westward policy of Wuhan City, with the proportion of water decreasing by 7.1%, warming up by 3.00 ℃, and the largest reduction in cooling distance for the cooling island effect, amounting to about 210 m. The results provided scientific evidence for the urban heat island mitigation-oriented planning and management of ecological green wedges for Wuhan City.

Key words: ecological green wedge, land use change, cooling island effect, planning assessment