晋西北丘陵风沙区不同林龄人工柠条生长与繁殖动态特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202106.005

应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 2079-2088.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202106.005

晋西北丘陵风沙区不同林龄人工柠条生长与繁殖动态特征

王国华^1,2,3, 宋冰¹, 席璐璐¹, 缑倩倩^1*

¹山西师范大学地理科学学院, 山西临汾 041000;
²中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室, 兰州 730010;
³中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院临泽内陆河流域研究站, 兰州 730010

收稿日期:2020-11-24 接受日期:2021-03-08 发布日期:2021-12-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: gqqqianqian@163.com
作者简介:王国华, 男, 1984年生, 副教授。主要从事干旱半干旱地区风沙治理与生态水文研究。E-mail: gimi123@126.com
基金资助:
山西省面上青年科学基金项目(201801D221336)、国家自然科学基金项目(41807518,41701045)和中国科学院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室开放基金项目(KLDD-2020-05)资助

Growth and reproduction dynamics of different-aged artificial Caragana korshinskii in sandy-hilly region of northwest Shanxi Province, China

WANG Guo-hua^1,2,3, SONG Bing¹, XI Lu-lu¹, GOU Qian-qian^1*

¹College of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, Shanxi, China;
²Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730010, China;
³Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730010, China

Received:2020-11-24 Accepted:2021-03-08 Published:2021-12-15
Contact: * E-mail: gqqqianqian@163.com
Supported by:
Shanxi Province Foundation for Youths (General Program) (201801D221336), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41807518, 41701045) and the Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KLDD-2020-05).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 晋西北丘陵风沙区生态环境脆弱,是我国风沙活动危害最为严重的地区之一。本文以晋西北典型丘陵风沙区0(撂荒地)、6、12、18、40和50年生人工柠条为研究对象,分析了不同林龄柠条的土壤含水量、地上和地下生物量、个体形态特征、生长繁殖及光合生理特征,研究0～50年长时间序列人工柠条的生长和繁殖动态特征。结果表明: 人工柠条林土壤水分变化与柠条林龄密切相关。6年生柠条的土壤水分较低,6～18年生柠条由于冠幅增加,降低了近地表的风速和太阳辐射,减少了土壤水分的蒸发,土壤水分呈上升趋势,18～50年生柠条的生物量快速积累,植物蒸腾量和根系对水分的吸收量大幅度增加,土壤水分不断降低,到50 年则下降至最低水平(11.1%);6～18年生人工柠条以地下根系生长为主,18～40年生柠条以地上部生长为主,40年生柠条的生物量维持在较高水平,冠幅和株高达到最高,生长状态达到最佳,40～50年生柠条的冠幅和株高显著降低,生长进入衰退期;柠条的光合能力(叶绿素a、b,类胡萝卜素和总叶绿素含量)随着种植年限的增加逐渐下降,尤其在18年后显著下降;柠条种子的数量和质量从6年生到40年生不断上升,40年生达到最大;与 6～12年生柠条相比,30～40年生柠条能产生更多个体质量小的种子。萌发试验表明,在相同年限,柠条的小种子比大种子的萌发速率更高,表明柠条繁殖策略有从前期(6～12年生)K策略向后期(30～40年生)r策略转化的趋势,而从50年生开始,柠条种子数量和质量显著下降,人工柠条的生长和繁殖出现退化。

关键词: 柠条, 生长, 繁殖, 生理, 土壤含水量

Abstract: The sandy-hilly region of northwest Shanxi is a typical fragile agro-pastoral ecotone in north China. With the artificial Caragana korshinskii at 0 (the uncultivated land), 6, 12, 18, 40 and 50 years-old in the typical sandy-hilly region of northwest Shanxi as the subjects, we investigated soil moisture, aboveground and belowground biomass, individual morphological characteristics, growth, reproduction, and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of different-aged C. korshinskii, with the aim to evaluate the long-term growth and reproductive dynamic characteristics of artificial C. korshinskii. The results showed that soil moisture was significantly affected by stand ages. Soil moisture was low under the 6-year-old C. korshinskii plantation. During 6-18 years-old, soil moisture increased due to the increased crown width and reduced the near-surface wind speed, solar radiation, and soil water evaporation. During 18-50 years-old, soil moisture decreased sharply due to higher biomass and plant transpiration of C. korshinskii, and soil moisture was reduced to the lowest level of 11.1%. C. korshinskii mainly developed underground root system during 6-18 years-old, and changed to the aboveground biomass accumulation in 18-40 years-old. At the 40-year-old stand, biomass reached to the highest level with the greatest crown width and plant height. During 40-50 years-old, crown width and plant height decreased significantly, while the growth began to degrade. Photosynthetic capacity (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid and total chlorophyll content) gra-dually decreased with the increases of planting ages, especially after 18 years-old. The quantity and quality of C. korshinskii seeds increased from 6 to 40 years-old, reached the maximum at 40 years-old stand, and began to decrease after 50 years-old. In the later growth period (30-40 years-old), more seeds with small individual weight were produced compared with early period (6-12 years-old). The germination test showed that small seeds had higher germination rate than the large ones under the same stand age, suggesting a shift of reproduction strategy. After 50 years-old, both of the growth and reproduction of C. korshinskii degenerated, and the plantation began to degrade.

Key words: Caragana korshinskii, growth, reproduction, physiology, soil water content

王国华, 宋冰, 席璐璐, 缑倩倩. 晋西北丘陵风沙区不同林龄人工柠条生长与繁殖动态特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(6): 2079-2088.

WANG Guo-hua, SONG Bing, XI Lu-lu, GOU Qian-qian. Growth and reproduction dynamics of different-aged artificial Caragana korshinskii in sandy-hilly region of northwest Shanxi Province, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(6): 2079-2088.

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晋西北丘陵风沙区不同林龄人工柠条生长与繁殖动态特征

Growth and reproduction dynamics of different-aged artificial Caragana korshinskii in sandy-hilly region of northwest Shanxi Province, China

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