[1] |
Charney JG. Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1975, 101: 192-202
|
[2] |
Notaro M, Liu Z, Williams JW. Observed vegetation-climate feedbacks in the United States. Journal of Climate, 2006, 19: 763-786
|
[3] |
Xue YK, Shukla J. The influence of land surface properties on Sahel climate. Part I: desertification. Journal of Climate, 1993, 6: 2232-2245
|
[4] |
Sankey JB, Ravi S, Wallace CSA, et al. Quantifying soil surface change in degraded drylands: Shrub encroachment and effects of fire and vegetation removal in a desert grassland. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2012, 117: G02025, doi:10.1029/2012JG002002
|
[5] |
Huang J, Li Y, Fu C, et al. Dryland climate change: Recent progress and challenges. Reviews of Geophysics, 2017, 55: 719-778
|
[6] |
Eklundh L, Olsson L. Vegetation index trends for the African Sahel 1982-1999. Geophysical Research Letters, 2003, 30: 1430, doi: 10.1029/2002GL016772
|
[7] |
张添佑, 陈智, 温仲明, 等. 陆地生态系统临界转换理论及其生态学机制研究进展. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(3), doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.021
|
[8] |
赵东升, 张雪梅. 生态系统多稳态研究进展. 生态学报, 2021, 41(16): 6314-6328
|
[9] |
Klausmeier CA. Regular and irregular patterns in semiarid vegetation. Science, 1999, 284: 1826-1828
|
[10] |
Scheffer M, Carpenter SR, Foley J, et al. Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems. Nature, 2001, 413: 591-596
|
[11] |
Fu C, An Z. Study of aridization in northern China: A global change issue facing directly the demand of nation. Earth Science Frontiers, 2002, 9: 271-275
|
[12] |
Kurc SA, Small EE. Dynamics of evapotranspiration in semiarid grassland and shrubland ecosystems during the summer monsoon season, central New Mexico. Water Resources Research, 2004, 40: W09305
|
[13] |
Folke C, Carpenter S, Walker B, et al. Regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in ecosystem management. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 2005, 35: 557-581
|
[14] |
Mitchell SW, Csillag F. Assessing the stability and uncertainty of predicted vegetation growth under climatic variability: Northern mixed grass prairie. Ecological Modelling, 2001, 139: 101-121
|
[15] |
Li D, Wu S, Liu L, et al. Vulnerability of the global terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. Global Change Biology, 2018, 24: 4095-4106
|
[16] |
Dakos V, Matthews B, Hendry AP, et al. Ecosystem tipping points in an evolving world. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2019, 3: 355-362
|
[17] |
Chaparro-Pedraza PC, de Roos AM. Ecological changes with minor effect initiate evolution to delayed regime shifts. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2020, 4: 412-418
|
[18] |
Clements CF, Ozgul A. Indicators of transitions in biological systems. Ecology Letters, 2018, 21: 905-919
|
[19] |
Dakos V. Identifying best-indicator species for abrupt transitions in multispecies communities. Ecological Indicators, 2018, 94: 494-502
|
[20] |
冯剑丰, 王洪礼, 朱琳. 生态系统多稳态研究进展. 生态环境学报, 2009, 18(4): 1553-1559
|
[21] |
刘书敏, 刘亮, 王强. 生态系统灾难性突变研究进展. 生态科学, 2017, 36(2): 186-192
|
[22] |
孙云, 于德永, 刘宇鹏, 等. 生态系统重大突变检测研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(11): 1059-1070
|
[23] |
骆亦其, 夏建阳. 陆地碳循环的动态非平衡假说. 生物多样性, 2020, 28(11): 1405-1416
|
[24] |
宋础良. 结构稳定性: 概念、方法和应用. 生物多样性, 2020, 28(11): 1345-1361
|
[25] |
徐驰, 王海军, 刘权兴, 等. 生态系统的多稳态与突变. 生物多样性, 2020, 28(11): 1417-1430
|
[26] |
Sherratt JA, Lord GJ. Nonlinear dynamics and pattern bifurcations in a model for vegetation stripes in semi-arid environments. Theoretical Population Biology, 2007, 71: 1-11
|
[27] |
Sherratt JA. When does colonisation of a semi-arid hillslope generate vegetation patterns? Journal of Mathematical Biology, 2016, 73: 199-226
|
[28] |
Von Hardenberg J, Meron E, Shachak M, et al. Diversity of vegetation patterns and desertification. Physical Review Letters, 2001, 87: 198101-1-4
|
[29] |
Mauchamp A, Rambal S, Lepart J. Simulating the dynamics of a vegetation mosaic: A spatialized functional model. Ecological Modelling, 1994, 71: 107-130
|
[30] |
Mu M, Duan WS, Wang, B. Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation and its applications. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 2003, 10: 493-501
|
[31] |
Adams J. Vegetation-Climate Interaction: How Vegetation Makes the Global Environment. Berlin: Springer, 2007: 232
|
[32] |
Brovkin V, Coauthors. On the stability of the atmosphere-vegetation system in the Sahara/Sahel region. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1998, 103: 31613-31624
|
[33] |
Coauthors CM. Simulation of an abrupt change in Saharan vegetation in the mid-Holocene. Geophysical Research Letters, 1999, 24: 2037-2040
|
[34] |
Wang G, Eltahir EAB. Biosphere-atmosphere interactions over West Africa, 2. Multiple climate equilibria. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2000, 126: 1261-1280
|
[35] |
Zeng XD, Shen SSP, Zeng XB, et al. Multiple equilibrium states and the abrupt transitions in a dynamical system of soil water interacting with vegetation. Geophysical Research Letters, 2004, 31: 5501, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018910
|
[36] |
Zeng XD, Zeng XB, Shen SSP, et al. Vegetation-soil water interaction within a dynamical ecosystem model of grassland in semi-arid areas. Tellus B, 2005, 57: 189-202
|
[37] |
Zeng XD, Wang AH, Zeng QC, et al. Intermediately complex models for the hydrological interactions in theatmosphere-vegetation-soil system. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2006, 23: 127-140
|
[38] |
Zeng QC, Zeng XD. An analytical dynamic model of grass field ecosystem with two variables. Ecological Modelling, 1996, 85: 187-196
|
[39] |
D'Onofrio D, Baudena M, D'Andrea F, et al. Tree-grass competition for soil water in arid and semiarid savannas: The role of rainfall intermittency. Water Resources Research, 2015, 51: 169-181
|
[40] |
Rietkerk M, Coauthors. Self-organized patchiness and catastrophic shifts in ecosystems. Science, 2004, 305: 1926-1929
|
[41] |
Zeng XD, Zeng X. Transition and pattern diversity in arid and semiarid grassland: A modeling study. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2007, 112: G04008
|
[42] |
Baudena M, Rietkerk M. Complexity and coexistence in a simple spatial model for arid savanna ecosystems. Theoretical Ecology, 2013, 6: 131-141
|
[43] |
Mu M, Duan WS, Wang B. Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation and its applications. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 2003, 10: 493-501
|
[44] |
Mu M, Duan W, Wang Q, et al. An extension of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation approach and its applications. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 2010, 17: 211-220
|
[45] |
Sun GD, Mu M. Nonlinear feature of the abrupt transitions between multiple equilibria states of an ecosystem model. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2009, 26: 293-304
|
[46] |
张艳芳. 干旱半干旱区域植被的非线性稳定性分析. 硕士论文. 北京: 北京工业大学, 2020
|
[47] |
Sun GD, Xie DD. A study of parameter uncertainties causing uncertainties in modeling a grassland ecosystem using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation method. Science China Earth Sciences, 2017, 60: 1674-1684
|
[48] |
Sun GD, Mu M. Nonlinearly combined impacts of initial perturbation from human activities and parameter perturbation from climate change on the grassland ecosystem. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 2011, 18: 883-893
|
[49] |
Kéfi S, Holmgren M, Scheffer M. When can positive interactions cause alternative stable states in ecosystems? Functional Ecology, 2016, 30: 88-97
|
[50] |
Schlesinger WH, Reynolds JF, Cunningham GL, et al. Biological feedbacks in global desertification. Science, 1990, 247: 1043-1048
|
[51] |
Mu M, Wang B. Nonlinear instability and sensitivity of a theoretical grassland ecosystem to finite-amplitude perturbations. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 2007, 14: 409-423
|
[52] |
曾庆存, 曾晓东, 王爱慧, 等. 大气和植被生态及土壤系统水文过程相互作用的一些研究. 大气科学, 2005, 29(1): 7-19
|
[53] |
谢东东, 孙国栋, 邵爱梅, 等.草原生态系统模式中参数不确定性导致的模拟结果不确定性研究. 气候与环境研究, 2013, 18(3): 375-386
|