地统计学在水生植物群落格局研究中的应用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究水生植物群落的镶嵌分布格局和随着尺度变化的空间特征,应用地统计学中半方差法、半方差理论模型和分形理论,研究了湖北省保安湖沿岸带水生植物群落分布格局.在沿岸带设置了一个160m×160m的方形样方,采用覆盖法将整个样方划分为32×32个格子,记录各格子内出现的物种数。格子内如果有某物种,则将该格子对应的区域化随机变量赋值为1,否则赋值为0.另将群落各格内区域化随机变量赋值为各物种在该采样点随机变量值的总和.运用地统计软件GS+forWindows分析苦草、狐尾藻、金鱼藻和群落的32×32格随机变量表,计算得到它们各向同性模型和不同方向上的分维.从苦草和狐尾藻的各向同性指数模型来看,它们属于聚集性分布,其空间结构比率较高。这表明在小尺度上它们变化较小;从金鱼藻和群落的各向同性线性模型来看,属于中等程度的聚集分布,其空间结构比率很低,这表明它们在小尺度上变化较大.从各向异性模型来看,群落优势种的分维值都较高,说明在调查的群落内.各物种分布比较均匀。根据确定系数判定群落格局的优势方向是西北一东南.与其他群落格局分析方法相比较,该方法在确定群落组分空间依赖范围和相关性大小,以及区分聚集强度上具有一定优势,为定量描述不同尺度下的水生植物群落特征提供了一个新途径.

关键词: 大型水生植物, 群落格局, 半方差图, 分形

Abstract: In this paper, the Log-log semivariogram and theoretical models of Geostatistics and fractal theory were applied to study the mosaic spatial pattern of macrophytes community and its different characters on different scales in littoral zone of the Baoan Lake, Hubei Province.The macrophytes in the littoral zone with a square area of 25600 m², which was divided in to 1024 grids, were investigated, and the macrophytes species in every grid were recorded.If the species was discovered in the grid, the variable of the grid had a value of 1, otherwise, it was 0.The community had a value of the total species discovered in the grid.By the method, the sampling results of Vallisneria spiralis, Ceratophyllum oryzetorum, Myriophyllum spicatum and the community were made into four worksheets.With help of the software GS+ for Windows to treat these worksheets, we got their log-log semivariogram, isotropic model, anisotropic model, isotropic fractal dimension and anisotropic fractal dimension.According to the results of isotropic models, the exponential models of Vailisneria spiralis and Myrio-phyllum spicatum indicated their contagious distribution with a high proportion of spatial structure, which indicated that their distribution changed lesser at microscale.In their range of 48.6m and 34.2m respectively, they had a spatial autocorrelation.Isotropic models of Ceratophvllum oryzetorum and the community were linear, and their proportions of spatial structure were low, indicating their great change at microscale and their moderate contagious distribution.The isotropic fractal dimension and anisotropic fractal dimension results indicated the dominant pattern of Vallisneria spiralis in the direction of NE-SW, the dominant patterns of Myriophyilum spicatum and Ceratophyllum oryzetorum in the direction of N-S, and the community's dominant pattern in the direction of NW-SE.Compared with other analysis tools, the method had advantages in deciding whether the community components had a spatial autocorrelation and in quantitatively classifying the aggregation density.It provides us a new way to quantitatively describe the pattern of the macrophytes community.

Key words: Macrophytes, Community pattern, Semivariogram, Fractal theory

中图分类号:

Q948.8

潘文斌, 邓红兵, 唐涛, 蔡庆华. 地统计学在水生植物群落格局研究中的应用[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (10): 1692-1696.

PAN Wenbin, DENG Hongbing, TANG Tao, CAI Qinghua . Application of geostatistical analysis in study of macrophytes community's pattern[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (10): 1692-1696.

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