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西双版纳橡胶抗寒种质资源的生态问题和流失风险

陈燕萍1,2;吴兆录1   

  1. 1云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所, 昆明 650091;2西双版纳州农业科学研究所, 云南景洪 666100
  • 收稿日期:2008-11-21 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2009-07-20 发布日期:2009-07-20

Ecological issues and loss risk of cold-resistant rubber germplasm resource in Xishuangbanna.

CHEN Yan-ping1,2;WU Zhao-lu1   

  1. 1Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;2Xishuangbanna Prefecture Institute of Agriculture, Jinghong 666100, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2008-11-21 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2009-07-20 Published:2009-07-20

摘要: 基于实地调查和文献资料, 系统分析了西双版纳培育使用高抗寒、高产橡胶品种的生态问题和种质资源流失.结果表明:胶农以建立橡胶苗圃和经营橡胶种植地的循环模式发展橡胶产业;滥用高抗寒、高产品种使橡胶种植扩张到海拔1300 m的高地,导致了天然森林及物种遭到破坏、土壤肥力降低、区域性干旱、病虫害爆发、人象冲突;西双版纳橡胶高抗寒、高产种质资源及其知识产权正在无控制的向境外流出,潜在的生态风险和经济风险更大.天然橡胶产业部门和政府机构对此应给予足够的重视,并采取相应措施保护橡胶种质资源,减少生态风险.

关键词: 强筋小麦, 灌溉 产量, 品质, 谷蛋白大聚合体

Abstract: Based on the field investigation data and related literatures, this pa per analyzed the ecological issues in the breeding and utilization of highly col d-resistant and high-yielding rubber germplasm in Xishuangbanna, and the loss risk of this germplasm. The rubber farmers in Xishuangbanna had built a cycle pa ttern of establishing rubber nursery and managing rubber plantations to develop the local rubber industry, but the unlimited utilization of this germplasm made the rubber plantations expand to the highland with an elevation of 1300 m, resul ting in the ecological issues such as the destruction of natural forests and spec ies, decline of soil fertility, regional drought, rubber diseases and insect pes ts, and human-elephant conflicts. This germplsm and its intellectual property w ere under transnational loss without any control, making even more potential eco logical and economic risks. Great attentions should be paid by the related organ izations to take effective measures to conserve this germplsm resource to reduce its potential risks.

Key words: winter wheat with strong gluten, irrigation, grain yield, grain quality, glutenin macropolymer (GMP).