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应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 1345-1351.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202104.030

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

太阳辐射减弱对水稻光合生理特性和中微量元素积累的影响

方笑堃1,2, 陈志炜1, 程兆康1, 姜海波3, 邱丹3, 罗小三1*   

  1. 1南京信息工程大学应用气象学院农业资源与环境系/江苏省农业气象重点实验室, 南京 210044;
    2福建省泉州市气象局, 福建泉州 362000;
    3江苏省耕地质量与农业环境保护站, 南京 210036
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-21 接受日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-10-25
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: xsluo@nuist.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:方笑堃, 男, 1995年生, 硕士。主要从事农业气象研究。E-mail: xiaokun9518@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41471418)资助

Effects of reduced solar radiation on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and accumulation of secondary and micro elements in paddy rice.

FANG Xiao-kun1,2, CHEN Zhi-wei1, CHENG Zhao-kang1, JIANG Hai-bo3, QIU Dan3, LUO Xiao-san1*   

  1. 1Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing 210044, China;
    2Quanzhou Meteorological Bureau, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China;
    3Jiangsu Farmland Quality and Agricultural Environmental Protection Station, Nanjing 210036, China
  • Received:2020-10-21 Accepted:2021-01-25 Published:2021-10-25
  • Contact: *E-mail: xsluo@nuist.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (41471418).

摘要: 近年来雾霾等大气环境污染问题突出,气溶胶导致到达地表的太阳辐射强度降低,对农作物生长造成了较大影响。为了探讨太阳辐射强度降低对粮食作物生理特性和矿质元素营养的影响,本研究以‘南粳5055’水稻品种为供试材料,采用田间随机区组设计,通过不同程度遮光处理模拟弱光环境(CK,不遮光对照;Y1、Y2遮光率分别为19%、45%),研究了在水稻关键生育期(拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期)内叶绿素含量(SPAD)、叶面积指数(LAI)、叶片净光合速率、产量和籽粒中、微量金属元素(Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu)含量的响应特征。结果表明: 全生育期内遮光处理抑制了水稻光合作用产物的合成,降低了叶面积指数;但在生育前期对叶绿素含量无显著影响,在生育后期则显著增加。两种遮光处理下水稻的千粒重较CK分别降低了14.4%和18.4%,结实率降低了4.3%和12.9%,从而导致水稻产量下降,且随着遮光程度增加,水稻减产率加大,产量分别下降了58.5%和66.4%。遮光处理籽粒糙米和颖壳中金属元素含量升高,尤其微量元素含量显著上升。可见,遮光对水稻生长产生了不利影响,最终使其减产,并使Cu、Mn等重金属元素含量增加,这可能造成污染风险进而对人体健康造成威胁,因此,太阳辐射减弱对作物产量和品质的影响需要综合评价。

关键词: 农作物, 气溶胶污染, 光合作用, 矿质元素, 重金属, 粮食品质安全

Abstract: Atmospheric haze pollution is a popular environmental issue in recent years. The aerosols reduce solar radiation reaching land surface, with consequences on the growth of crops. In order to examine the effects of low solar radiation intensity on the physiological characteristics and mineral nutrition of grain crops, the random designed field experiment of rice cultivar ‘Nanjing 5055’ planted under different shading degrees (CK, natural sunlight control; Y1 and Y2 were treatments with shading rates of 19% and 45%, respectively) were conducted. The response of chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf area index (LAI), net photosynthetic rate of leaves, grain yields and secondary/micro element contents (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) in rice were measured during key growth stages (jointing, heading, and grain filling stages). Results showed that, shading treatments inhibited the synthesis of photosynthetic products and reduced the LAI during the whole growing period, but at the early stage it did not affect the chlorophyll content, which was significantly increased at the late growth stage. Compared with CK, the 1000-grain weight of rice was decreased by 14.4% and 18.4%, and seed setting rate was decreased by 4.3% and 12.9%, which resulted in rice yield reduction. With the increases of shading rates, rice yield was decreased by 58.5% and 66.4%, respectively. The nutrient concentrations, especially for the micro-elements, in brown rice and glume were increased. Shading had a negative effect on rice growth, which would eventually reduce the crop production. The higher contents of heavy metals such as Cu and Mn would be a pollution risk for human health. Therefore, the impacts of weakened solar radiation on quantity and quality of crops need comprehensive evaluation.

Key words: crops, aerosol pollution, photosynthesis, mineral element, heavy metal, staple food quality and safety