云南中度退化的喀斯特天坑草地植物群落优势种种间关系

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201802.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 喀斯特天坑作为独特的宏大地表负地形,其坑底生境与外界环境相互独立,呈现出独特的植物群落格局及特征.本研究选取云南沾益天坑群中可进入性较强的中度退化天坑——巴家陷塘为对象,筛选出重要值大于1的优势种,结合总体关联性分析、χ²检验、AC联结系数及Spearman秩相关系数对巴家陷塘退化天坑植物群落中11种优势种的种间关联性和相关性进行研究.结果表明: 巴家陷塘退化天坑植物群落种间联结指数VR=1.377>1,总体呈显著正关联,但正负关联差异较大,阳生型植物和阴生型植物呈极显著负关联,现阶段仍具有独立的分布格局,但呈逐渐趋于稳定的趋势;Spearman分析中种间正相关对数(26对)少于种间负相关对数(29对),结合天坑微环境的差异,将退化天坑的优势物种划分为3个生态种组,群落总体呈现出一定的圈层分布规律.

关键词: 生态种组, 植物群落, 中度退化天坑, 种间关系

Abstract: Karst tiankeng is a special grand negative landform. The environment of tiankeng inside are independent of that outside, showing a unique characteristics of plant community. Taking a moderately degraded tiankeng with good accessibility, Bajiaxiantang as the focus, the dominant species with importance value >1 were selected to clarify the interspecific association of 11 dominant species by the multi-disciplinary approach including the variance ratio (VR) of overall association, χ² test, association coefficient (AC) and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The results showed that VR of overall association in this grassland community was 1.377 (which was larger than 1), indicating that this community had overall significantly positive interspecific association. Given the great difference between the positive and negative association and significantly negative correlation between heliophiles and sciophiles, the community had independent distribution. The number of positive pairs of species (26) was less than that with negative correlation (29) in Spearman correlation analysis. Combined with the difference of tiankeng’s micro-environment, dominant plant species of degraded tiankeng could be divided into three ecological groups. The grassland community in tiankeng showed circle distribution pattern.

Key words: plant community, moderately degraded tiankeng, ecological species group., interspecific relationship

简小枚, 税伟, 陈毅萍, 江聪, 胡颖, 王前锋, 黄梦圆. 云南中度退化的喀斯特天坑草地植物群落优势种种间关系[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(2): 492-500.

JIAN Xiao-mei, SHUI Wei, CHEN Yi-ping, JIANG Cong, HU Ying, WANG Qian-feng, HUANG Meng-yuan. Interspecific relationships of dominant species in the grassland community of moderately degraded tiankeng of Yunnan, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(2): 492-500.

参考文献

[1] Zhu X-W (朱学稳). China’s karst tiankeng and its value for science and tourism. Science and Technology Review (科技导报), 2001(10): 60-63 (in Chinese)
[2] Zhu X-W (朱学稳), Zhu D-H (朱德浩), Huang B-J (黄保健), et al. A brift study on karst tiankeng. Carsologica Sinica (中国岩溶), 2003, 22(1): 51-65 (in Chinese)
[3] Zhu X-W (朱学稳). Tiankeng: The skylight of earth. Forest and Humankind (森林与人类), 2010(12): 46-51 (in Chinese)
[4] Zhu XW, Waltham T. Tiankeng: Definition and description. Cave and Karst Science, 2005, 32: 75-79
[5] Shui W (税伟), Chen Y-P (陈毅萍), Wang Y-W (王雅文), et al. Origination, study progress and prospect of karst tiankeng research in China. Acta Geograp-hica Sinica (地理学报), 2015, 70(3): 431-446 (in Chinese)
[6] Ozkan K, Gulsoy S, Mert A, et al. Plant distribution-altitude and landform relationships in karstic sinkholes of Mediterranean region of Turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology, 2010, 31: 51-60
[7] Tony W. Applying ecology for cave management in China and neighbouring countries. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2009, 46: 520-523
[8] Bátori Z, VojtkóA, Farkas T, et al. Large- and small-scale environmental factors drive distributions of cool-adapted plants in karstic microrefugia. Annals of Botany, 2017, 119: 301-309
[9] Kejun D, Shizhuo L, Ming H, et al. Methodological study on exposure date of Tiankeng by AMS measurement of in situ produced cosmogenic ³⁶Cl. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, 2013, 294: 611-615
[10] Waltham T. Collapse processes at the tiankengs of Xingwen. Cave and Karst Science, 2005, 32: 107-110
[11] Liu S-J (刘守江), Zhang B (张斌), Yang Q-W (杨清伟), et al. Species composition and diversity of plant communities in Xiaoyanwan garden of Xingwen Karst National Geopark, Sichuan Province. Subtropical Plant Science (亚热带植物科学), 2009, 38(1): 37-40 (in Chinese)
[12] Su Y-Q (苏宇乔), Xue Y-G (薛跃规), Fan B-B (范蓓蓓), et al. Plant communities structure and species diversity in Liuxing tiankeng of Guangxi. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 2016, 36(11): 2300-2306 (in Chinese)
[13] Zhu X-W (朱学稳), Waltham T. Tiankeng: Definition and description. Carsologica Sinica (中国岩溶), 2006, 25(suppl.): 35-42 (in Chinese)
[14] He T-P (和太平), Wen X-F (文祥凤), Zhang G-G (张国革), et al. Analysis of the resources of the wild ornamental plants and their scenery of landscape architecture from Dashiwei karst doline and cave cluster scenic spot in Guangxi. Journal of Guangxi Agricultural and Biological Science (广西农业生物科学), 2004, 23(2): 159-163 (in Chinese)
[15] Zhang J-T (张金屯). Quantitative Ecology. 2nd Ed. Beijing: Science Press, 2011: 100-103 (in Chinese)
[16] Su Z-Y (苏志尧), Wu D-R (吴大荣), Chen B-G (陈北光). Niche characteristics of dominant populations in natural forest in North Guangdong. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2003, 14(1): 25-29 (in Chinese)
[17] Fang F (房飞), Hu Y-K (胡玉昆), Zhang W (张伟), et al. Numerical analysis of inter-specific relationships in alpine steppe community in Bayanbulak. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2012, 32(6): 1898-1907 (in Chinese)
[18] Noble IR, Habiba G. A functional classification for predicting the dynamics of landscapes. Journal of Vegetation Science, 1996, 7: 329-336
[19] Diaz S, Cabido M. Vive la différence: Plant functional diversity matters to ecosystem processes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2001, 16: 646-655
[20] Ding W-H (丁文慧), Li X-Z (李秀珍), Jiang J-Y (姜俊彦), et al. Numerical analysis of inter-specific relationships in the estuary salt marsh plant community of southern Chongming Dongtan, Shanghai. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(5): 1417-1426 (in Chinese)
[21] Han J-T (韩锦涛), Li S-Q (李素清), Zhao D-H (赵德怀), et al. Interspecific relationships among dominant species in the planted vegetation communities in sandy hill regions of northwestern Shanxi, China. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment (干旱区资源与环境), 2016, 30(12): 164-169 (in Chinese)
[22] Wang Y (王烨), Jin S (金山), Qin X-J (秦晓娟), et al. Interspecific relationships of dominant species and plant functional groups of wetland herb communities in Zhuozhang River watershed, Shanxi. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2015, 34(8): 2109-2114 (in Chinese)
[23] Qin L (覃林). Statistical Ecology. Beijing: China Forestry Press, 2009: 91-95 (in Chinese)
[24] Li W-Y (李伟云), Xiang Y-H (向艳辉), Du Y (杜宇). An analysis on characteristics of underground forest communities in Haifeng Natural Protection Area, Zhanyi, Yunnan Province. Journal of Southwest Forestry College (西南林业大学学报), 2001, 21(1): 8-13 (in Chinese)
[25] Li W-Y (李伟云), Xiang Y-H (向艳辉), Du Y (杜宇), et al. Underground forest communities in Zhanyi, Yunnan Province. Forest Science and Technology (四川林勘设计), 2001(2): 20-25 (in Chinese)
[26] Chen S-X (陈思贤), Shui W (税伟), He J-F (何锦峰), et al. The construction of tiankeng landscape evaluation model and its index system. Acta Geologica Sichuan (四川地质学报), 2009(suppl.): 28-34 (in Chinese)
[27] Mcculloch CE. Variance tests for species association. Ecology, 1985, 66: 1676-1681
[28] Wang B-S (王伯荪), Peng S-L (彭少麟). Studies on the measuring techniques of interspecific association of lower-subtropical evergreen-broadleaved forests. Ⅰ. The exploration and the revision on the measuring formulas of interspecific association. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 1985, 9(4): 32-43 (in Chinese)
[29] Zhang F (张峰), Zhang J-T (张金屯), Shangguan T-L (上官铁梁). Plant diversity of forest community in Zhuweigou of Lishan Mountain Nature Reserve. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 2002, 26(suppl.): 46-51 (in Chinese)
[30] Sun Z-W (孙中伟), Zhao S-D (赵士洞). Interspecific association and correlation of lime-broad leaved Korean pine forest on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 1996, 7(1): 1-5 (in Chinese)
[31] Peng L-J (彭李菁). Changes in interspecific association of the climatic climax vegetation from 1984 to 2006 in Dinhushan, Guangdong, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2006, 26(11): 3732-3739 (in Chinese)
[32] Álvarez-Yépiz JC, Dovcˇiak M. Ontogenetic shifts in plant-plant interactions in a rare cycad within angiosperm communities. Oecologia, 2014, 175: 725-735
[33] Bátori Z, Farkas T, Erdös L, et al. A comparison of the vegetation of forested and non-forested solution dolines in Hungary: A preliminary study. Biologia, 2014, 69: 1339-1348
[34] Bátori Z, Csiky J, Farkas T, et al. The conservation value of karst dolines for vascular plants in woodland habitats of Hungary: Refugia and climate change. International Journal of Speleology, 2014, 43: 15-26
[35] Guo L-J (郭连金), Zhang W-H (张文辉), Liu G-B (刘国彬). Species diversity and interspecific association in development sequence of Hippophae rhamnoides plantations in loess hilly region. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2007, 18(1): 9-15 (in Chinese)
[36] Xu M-H (徐满厚), Liu M (刘敏), Zhai D-T (翟大彤), et al. A review of contents and methods used to analyze various aspects of plant interspecific associations. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2016, 36(24): 8224-8233 (in Chinese)
[37] Liu J-F (刘金福), Hong W (洪伟), Fan H-B (樊后保), et al. Study on the inter-specific association of species in the vegetation layer in Castanopsis kawakamii forest. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 2001, 37(4): 117-123 (in Chinese)
[38] Gao Y-H (高永恒), Zeng X-Y (曾晓阳), Zhou G-Y (周国英), et al. Interspecific relationships of dominant populations in the alpine wetlands in the source region of Yangtze River. Wetland Science (湿地科学), 2011, 9(1): 1-7 (in Chinese)
[39] Wang F (王发), Fu Z-Y (付智勇), Chen H-S (陈洪松), et al. Characteristics of preferential flow in soil of abandoned farmland and cultivated land of karst depression. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2016, 30(1): 111-116 (in Chinese)
[40] Li Y-Y (李裕元), Shao M-A (邵明安). The change of plant diversity during natural recovery process of vegetation in Ziwuling area. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2004, 24(2): 252-260 (in Chinese)
[41] Bátori Z, Csiky J, Erdõs L, et al. Vegetation of the dolines in Mecsek Mountains (South Hungary) in relation to the local plant communities. Acta Carsologica, 2009, 38: 237-252
[42] Zhang Q (张庆), Niu J-M (牛建明), Alexander, et al. Vegetation differentiation and soil effect at diffe-rent slope locations: A case study of Stipa breviflora grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2011, 35(11):1167-1181 (in Chinese)
[43] Bátori Z, Kormoczi L, Erdos L, et al. Importance of karst sinkholes in preserving relict, mountain, and wet-woodland plant species under sub-Mediterranean climate: A case study from southern Hungary. Journal of Cave & Karst Studies: the National Speleological Society Bulletin, 2012, 74: 127-134