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应用生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 41-48.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202401.002

• 半干旱区风沙防控专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

辽西北荒漠化区植物群落分异

陈晴, 王佳啸, 王一凡, 王杨, 王艳*   

  1. 沈阳师范大学生命科学学院, 沈阳 110034
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-29 接受日期:2023-10-20 出版日期:2024-01-18 发布日期:2024-03-21
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: wyancn2002@aliyun.com
  • 作者简介:陈 晴, 女, 2000年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事植物生态学研究。E-mail: 3578456016@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省林草局项目(辽西北荒漠化和沙化动态监测)

Plant community differentiation of desertification region in northwest Liaoning Province, China

CHEN Qing, WANG Jiaxiao, WANG Yifan, WANG Yang, WANG Yan*   

  1. College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
  • Received:2023-07-29 Accepted:2023-10-20 Online:2024-01-18 Published:2024-03-21

摘要: 荒漠化区植物群落研究是评价区域生态环境质量和开展荒漠化防治的科学基础,本研究按经度将辽西北荒漠化区划分为东部(122°50′37″—123°49′40″ E)、中部(121°16′41″ —122°35′00″ E)和西部(119°20′03″ —120°02′41″ E)3个区域,对植物群落进行调查。结果表明: 乔木林所占比例及郁闭度自西向东增加;东部区域多为樟子松林和杨树林,中部区域多为油松林和杨树林,西部区域则多为油松林和西伯利亚杏林。灌丛在东部、中部和西部区域占比分别为0、22.2%和28.0%。东部和中部区域的草地多由人为扰动后形成。物种数量为中部区域(110种)>西部区域(88种)>东部区域(75种)。东部和中部区域都以一年生植物占比最高,分别为68.2%和66.7%,西部区域则以地面芽植物最占优势(36.3%);小高位芽植物、矮高位芽植物、地上芽植物和地下芽植物的比例从东向西逐渐升高。物种数量、Shannon指数和Simpson指数均以中部区域最高,Pielou均匀度指数则从东向西逐渐升高。β多样性指数显示,东部与西部区域之间的群落相似性最小,中部与西部区域的群落相似性较高。中部区域的群落类型、物种数量、物种构成特征及物种多样性均呈现出了生态过渡带的特征。总体上,辽西北荒漠化区植被状况良好,但存在乔木林垂直结构简单、树种组成单一、人为干扰较为严重等问题。

关键词: 荒漠化, 植物群落, 物种多样性

Abstract: Understanding plant communities in desertification area is the scientific basis of evaluating the local eco-environmental quality and carrying out desertification control. According to longitude, we divided the desertification area in northwest Liaoning Province into three regions: the eastern region (122°50′37″ -123°49′40″ E), the middle region (121°16′41″-122°35′00″ E), and the western region (119°20′03″ -120°02′41″ E), and investigated the plant communities in each region. The results showed that the proportion of forest and canopy density of tree layer increased from the west to the east. Ass. Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Ass. Populus sp. in the eastern, Ass. Pinus tabuliformis and Ass. Populus sp. in the middle, as well as Ass. P. tabuliformis and Ass. Prunus sibirica in the western were dominant communities, respectively. The proportion of brush community in the eastern, middle and western was 0, 22.2%, and 28.0%, respectively. Grasslands formed mainly by human disturbance in the eas-tern and middle regions. The total species numbers were 110 in the middle, 88 in the western and 75 in the eastern, respectively. Therophytes were dominant in the eastern and middle with proportions of 68.2% and 66.7%, respectively. Hemicryptophytes were the dominant type (36.3%) in the western region. The proportion of microphanerophyt, nanophanerophyte, chamaephyte, and geophyte increased from the eastern to the western. The species number, Shannon index, and Simpson diversity index of the middle were the highest among the three regions. Pielou evenness index increased gradually from the eastern to the western. Community similarity between the eastern and the western was the lowest, as shown by the β-biodiversity, and the similarity between the middle and the western was the highest. The community type, species number, characteristics of species composition and species biodiversity of the middle region had the characteristics of ecological transition zone. In general, vegetation status in the desertification area of northwest Liaoning Province was in good condition. There were still some problems including the monotonous vertical structure of forest and tree species as well as the serious human interference.

Key words: desertification, plant community, species diversity