施氮水平对库尔勒香梨光合产物分配的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202008.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以6年生库尔勒香梨为材料,用¹³C脉冲标记技术研究了150、300、450 kg N·hm^-2(分别用N₁、N₂、N₃表示)3个施氮水平下树体各器官生物量、碳积累量以及¹³C同化物的吸收分配特性。结果表明: 库尔勒香梨树体整株的生物量、碳积累量、¹³C固定量以及叶片的同化能力均随着施氮水平的提高而增加;根冠比则随施氮水平的提高而降低。生殖器官果实的生物量、碳积累量在N₂处理下最高。树体各器官¹³C含量和分配率随施氮量的增加发生动态变化。新梢旺长期,叶片和根系对光合同化物的竞争能力较强,且¹³C分配率均为N₁处理下最高;果实膨大期和成熟期,叶片和果实的竞争能力较强,叶片¹³C含量和分配率在N₃处理下最高,而果实¹³C含量和分配率则在N₂处理下最大。综上,根据不同施氮水平各器官对碳同化物的吸收分配特征,以提高产量为目标,建议6年树龄的库尔勒香梨果园最佳施氮量为300 kg·hm^-2。

关键词: 库尔勒香梨, 施氮水平, 光合产物, 分配

Abstract: Using ¹³C pulsed labeling technique, we examined the biomass and carbon accumulation of different organs as well as the distribution characteristics of ¹³C assimilate of 6-year-old Korla fragrant pear trees under three nitrogen application levels, i.e., 150, 300, and 450 kg N·hm^-2 (marked as N₁, N₂, and N₃, respectively). Results showed that the biomass, carbon accumulation, ¹³C fixation and leaf assimilation capacity of the whole pear tree increased while root to shoot ratio decreased with increasing nitrogen application. Both biomass and carbon accumulation amount of reproductive organs (i.e., fruits) were the highest under N₂ treatment. The ¹³C content and distribution rate of each organ changed dynamically along with increasing nitrogen application. At the new shoot growing stage, leaves and roots had stronger competitive abilities for photosynthate, with ¹³C distribution rates being the highest under N₁ treatment. During fruit swelling and mature stages, leaves and fruits were more competitive, with ¹³C content and distribution rate in leaves being the highest under N₃ treatment and those in fruits being the highest under N₂ treatment. According to the absorption and distribution characteristics of carbon assimilate across organs under the three nitrogen application levels, the optimal nitrogen application level for achieving high fruit yield in the 6-year-old Korla fragrant pear tree orchard is recommended as 300 kg·hm^-2.

Key words: Korla fragrant pear, nitrogen application level, photosynthate, distribution

何雪菲, 黄战, 张文太, 陈波浪, 周妍慧子, 柴仲平. 施氮水平对库尔勒香梨光合产物分配的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(8): 2637-2643.

HE Xue-fei, HUANG Zhan, ZHANG Wen-tai, CHEN Bo-lang, ZHOU Yan-hui-zi, CHAI Zhong-ping. Effects of nitrogen application level on photosynthate distribution of Korla fragrant pear trees[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(8): 2637-2643.

参考文献

[1] Krapp A, Saliba-Colombani V, Daniel-Vedele F. Analysis of C and N metabolisms and of C/N interactions using quantitative genetics. Photosynthesis Research, 2005, 83: 251-263
[2] 谷艳芳, 丁圣彦, 高志英, 等. 干旱胁迫下冬小麦光合产物分配格局及其与产量的关系. 生态学报, 2010, 30(5): 1167-1173 [Gu Y-F, Ding S-Y, Gao Z-Y, et al. The pattern of photosynthate partitioning in drought-stressed winter wheat and its relationship with yield. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(5): 1167-1173]
[3] 李强, 罗延宏, 余东海, 等. 低氮胁迫对耐低氮玉米品种苗期光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(5): 1132-1141 [Li Q, Luo Y-H, Yu D-H, et al. Effects of low nitrogen stress on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of maize cultivars tolerant to low nitrogen stress at the seedling stage. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(5): 1132-1141]
[4] 柴仲平, 王雪梅, 孙霞, 等. 不同缺素处理对香梨坐果期光合特性的影响. 北方园艺, 2013(2): 15-19 [Chai Z-P, Wang X-M, Sun X, et al. Influence of photosynthetic characteristics on fruit setting stage of Korla fragrant pear under different element deficiency treatments. Northern Horticulture, 2013(2): 15-19]
[5] 王磊, 姜远茂, 彭福田, 等. 主枝开张角度对盆栽红富士苹果¹³C和¹⁵N分配、利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(2): 433-437 [Wang L, Jiang Y-M, Peng F-T, et al. Effects of main branch bending on characteristics of distribution and utilization of ¹³C and ¹⁵N for Red Fuji. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2011, 17(2): 433-437]
[6] 刘敬然, 赵文青, 周治国, 等. 施氮量与播种期对棉花产量和品质及棉铃对位叶光合产物的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(4): 951-961 [Liu J-R, Zhao W-Q, Zhou Z-G, et al. Effects of nitrogen rates and planting dates on yield, quality and photosynthate contents in the subtending leaves of cotton boll. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(4): 951-961]
[7] 陆奇杰, 巢建国, 谷巍, 等. 不同氮素水平对茅苍术光合特性及生理指标的影响. 植物生理学报, 2017, 53(9): 1673-1679 [Lu Q-J, Chao J-G, Gu W, et al. Effects of different nitrogen levels on photosynthetic characteristics and physiological indexes of Atractylodes lancea. Plant Physiology Journal, 2017, 53(9): 1673-1679]
[8] 王成, 陈波浪, 玉素甫江·玉素音, 等. 不同施氮水平对库尔勒香梨园土壤氨挥发损失的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2019(2): 46-53 [Wang C, Chen B-L, Yusufujiang Y, et al. Effects of different nitrogen application levels on soil ammonia volatilization loss in Korla fragrant pear orchard. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2019(2): 46-53]
[9] 金鑫鑫, 汪景宽, 孙良杰, 等. 稳定¹³C同位素示踪技术在农田土壤碳循环和团聚体固碳研究中的应用进展. 土壤, 2017, 49(2): 217-224 [Jin X-X, Wang J-K, Sun L-J, et al. Progress of carbon cycle in farmland and sequestration in soil aggregates revealed by stable ¹³C isotope. Soils, 2017, 49(2): 217-224]
[10] 马晔, 刘锦春. δ¹³C在植物生态学研究中的应用. 西北植物学报, 2013, 33(7): 1492-1500 [Ma Y, Liu J-C. Applications of δ¹³C in plant ecological research. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2013, 33(7): 1492-1500]
[11] 张忠学, 陈鹏, 郑恩楠, 等. 基于Δ¹³C的不同水氮管理对水稻水分利用效率的影响. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(5): 303-312 [Zhang Z-X, Chen P, Zheng E-N, et al. Effect of different water and nitrogen mana-gements on rice leaf water use efficiency based on Δ¹³C. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(5): 303-312]
[12] Epron D, Bahn M, Derrien D, et al. Pulse-labelling trees to study carbon allocation dynamics: A review of methods, current knowledge and future prospects. Tree Physiology, 2012, 32: 776-798
[13] Toselli M, Marcolini G, Flore JA, et al. Leaf assimilation, carbon translocation and root respiration in ‘Buda-govski 9' apple cuttings grown in low soil moisture condition. Industrial Engineering Letters, 2014, 79: 241-247
[14] 门永阁, 任饴华, 许海港, 等. 苹果树不同部位新梢叶片¹³C同化物的去向. 园艺学报, 2014, 41(6): 1063-1068 [Men Y-G, Ren Y-H, Xu H-G, et al. Fate of different parts ¹³C-photoassimilates of Tianhong 2/SH40/Malus robusta. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2014, 41(6): 1063-1068]
[15] Teng Y, Tamura F, Tamura K, et al. Partitioning patterns of photosynthates from different shoot types in ‘Nijisseiki' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2002, 77: 758-765
[16] 刘光春, 耿庆伟, 宋伟, 等. ‘赤霞珠'葡萄¹³C和¹⁵N吸收、分配特性的初步研究. 园艺学报, 2015, 42(12): 2489-2496 [Liu G-C, Geng Q-W, Song W, et al. Absorption and distribution of ¹³C and ¹⁵N in grape ‘Cabernet Sauvignon'. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2015, 42(12): 2489-2496]
[17] Simkhada EP, Sekozawa Y, Sugaya S, et al. Translocation and distribution of ¹³C-photosynthates in ‘Fuyu' persimmon (Diospyros kaki) grafted onto different rootstocks. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 2007, 5: 184-189
[18] 齐鑫, 王敬国. 应用¹³C脉冲标记方法研究不同施氮量对冬小麦净光合碳分配及其向地下输入的影响. 农业环境科学学报, 2008, 27(6): 2524-2530 [Qi X, Wang J-G. Distribution and translocation of assimilated C pulse-labeled with ¹³C for winter wheat (Trticum aestivums L.), as affected by nitrogen supply. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2008, 27(6): 2524-2530]
[19] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2005: 30-35 [Bao S-D. Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2005: 30-35]
[20] 门永阁, 安欣, 许海港, 等. 不同负载量对苹果¹³C和¹⁵N分配、利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(3): 702-708 [Men Y-G, An X, Xu H-G, et al. Effects of different fruit load on distribution and utilization characteristics of ¹³C and ¹⁵N of apple. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(3): 702-708]
[21] 沙建川, 贾志航, 徐新翔, 等. 氮水平对苹果叶片¹³C光合产物和¹⁵N向果实转移分配的影响. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(4): 1373-1379 [Sha J-C, Jia Z-H, Xu X-X, et al. Effects of nitrogen application levels on translocation and distribution of ¹³C-photosynthate and ¹⁵N to fruit from leaves of apple tree. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(4): 1373-1379]
[22] 李晶, 姜远茂, 魏绍冲, 等. 不同施氮水平苹果矮化中间砧幼树光合产物的周年分配利用. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(3): 800-806 [Li J, Jiang Y-M, Wei S-C, et al. Annual utilization and allocation of urea-¹³C by M. hupehensis Rehd. under different N rates. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(3): 800-806]
[23] 吕丽华, 陶洪斌, 王墣, 等. 种植密度对夏玉米碳氮代谢和氮利用率的影响. 作物学报, 2008, 34(4): 718-723 [Lyu L-H, Tao H-B, Wang P, et al. Carbon and nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen use efficiency in summer maize under different planting densities. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2008, 34(4): 718-723]
[24] Bloom AJ, Chapin FSI, Mooney HAI. Resource limitation in plants: An economic analogy. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1985, 16: 363-392
[25] 吴楚, 王政权, 范志强, 等. 氮胁迫对水曲柳幼苗养分吸收、利用和生物量分配的影响. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(11): 2034-2038 [Wu C, Wang Z-Q, Fan Z-Q, et al. Effects of nitrogen stress on nutrient uptake by Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings and their biomass distribution. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(11): 2034-2038]
[26] 李洪娜, 许海港, 任饴华, 等. 不同施氮水平对矮化富士苹果幼树生长、氮素利用及内源激素含量的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(5): 1304-1311 [Li H-N, Xu H-G, Ren Y-H, et al. Effect of different N application rates on plant growth, ¹⁵N-urea utilization and hormone content of dwarf apple trees. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(5): 1304-1311]
[27] 郑朝霞, 王颖, 巩庆利, 等. 矮化自根砧红富士幼树对土施¹⁵N-尿素的吸收、分配和利用. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(1): 237-244 [Zheng Z-X, Wang Y, Gong Q-L, et al. Absorption, distribution and utilization of soil applied ¹⁵N-urea in young dwarf root stock ‘Fuji' apple trees. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(1): 237-244]
[28] 张永发, 吴小平, 王文斌, 等. 不同氮水平下幼龄橡胶树氮素贮藏及翌年分配利用特性. 热带作物学报, 2019, 40(12): 2313-2320 [Zhang Y-F, Wu X-P, Wang W-B, et al. Effects of different N rates on storage and remobilization of urea-¹⁵N by young rubber tree. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2019, 40(12): 2313-2320]
[29] 彭玲, 董林水, 陈印平, 等. 等量分次施氮对冬枣¹⁵N和¹³C利用与分配特性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(4): 1380-1388 [Peng L, Dong L-S, Chen Y-P, et al. Effects of multiple times of topdressing nitrogen application under equal level on utilization and distribution characteristics of ¹⁵N and ¹³C in winter jujube. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(4): 1380-1388]
[30] 王前登, 刘雪艳, 丁邦新, 等. 库尔勒香梨树体生长与¹⁵N的吸收及分配动态. 经济林研究, 2019, 37(2): 148-155 [Wang Q-D, Liu X-Y, Ding B-X, et al. Growth, ¹⁵N absorption and ¹⁵N distribution dyna-mics in Korla fragrant pear trees. Non-wood Forest Research, 2019, 37(2): 148-155]
[31] 孙聪伟, 褚凤杰, 杨丽丽, 等. 施氮量对嘎啦幼苗¹⁵N、¹³C分配利用特性影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(2): 431-438 [Sun C-W, Chu F-J, Yang L-L, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on characteristics of distribution and utilization of ¹⁵N and ¹³C of Gala seedlings. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(2): 431-438]
[32] 门永阁. 苹果¹⁵N吸收与¹³C分配关系及其影响因素研究. 硕士论文. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2014 [Men Y-G. Study on the Relationship between ¹⁵N Uptake and ¹³C Distribution and Its Influencing Factors of Apple. Master Thesis. Tai'an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2014]
[33] 李福瑞. 桃不同树形光合特性、光合产物分配与激素含量差异分析. 硕士论文. 咸阳: 西北农林科技大学, 2017 [Li F-R. Comparative Analysis of Photosynthetic Characteristics, Photosynthate Allocation and Hormone Contents in Different Shapes for Peach. Master Thesis. Xianyang: Northwest A&F University, 2017]