海蜇-对虾-蛤仔综合养殖池塘的食物网

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202106.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究海蜇-对虾(中国明对虾、斑节对虾)-菲律宾蛤仔海水综合养殖池塘养殖生物的食性、营养级和池塘食物网结构,在2017年5—9月的养殖周期内,采集并检测池塘内各种饵料和4种养殖生物的碳、氮稳定同位素比值(δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N),并运用IsoSource线性混合模型分析了海蜇、中国明对虾、斑节对虾和菲律宾蛤仔的食物来源。结果表明: 海蜇的主要食物来源为浮游动物;中国明对虾和斑节对虾的主要食物来源为投喂的鯷鱼;菲律宾蛤仔的主要食物来源为浮游植物、底栖硅藻和对虾粪便。综合养殖池塘中菲律宾蛤仔的营养级范围为2.64～2.95,平均值为2.84;海蜇的营养级范围为2.78～3.27,平均值为3.06;斑节对虾的营养级范围为3.03～3.54,平均值为3.25;中国明对虾的营养级范围为3.76～4.40,平均值为3.95。在综合养殖池塘中,菲律宾蛤仔为初级消费者,海蜇为次级消费者,中国明对虾和斑节对虾为捕食者;菲律宾蛤仔在滤食两种对虾粪便的同时一定程度上改善了养殖池塘的水质。

关键词: 稳定同位素, 综合养殖池塘, 食物网

Abstract: To analyze the feeding habits and trophic level of jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum), Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinesis), grass shrimp (Penaeus monodon), and clam (Ruditapes philippinarum), and the food web structure in marine aquaculture pond, we measured the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of the four species and different feed from May to September in 2017. The average proportional contribution of different feed to the four species were analyzed using the IsoSource linear mixture model. The results showed that zooplankton was the main food source to jellyfish, Engraulis japonicus was the main food source to the two shrimp species, and the phytoplankton, benthic diatoms and dejecta of the two shrimp species were the main food source to the clam. The trophic level of the clam ranged from 2.64 to 2.95, with a mean value of 2.84. The trophic level of jellyfish ranged from 2.78 to 3.27, with a mean value of 3.06. the grass shrimp ranged from 3.03 to 3.54, with a mean value of 3.25. The trophic level of Chinese shrimp ranged from 3.76 to 4.40, with a mean value of 3.95. Results of comprehensive analysis showed that the clam was the primary consumer, jellyfish was the secondary consumer, and shrimps were the predators. Jellyfish filtered the dejecta of the two kinds of prawns and improved water quality of the polyculture pond to a certain extent.

Key words: stable isotope, polyculture pond, food web

王摆, 田甲申, 周遵春. 海蜇-对虾-蛤仔综合养殖池塘的食物网[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(6): 2028-2034.

WANG Bai, TIAN Jia-shen, ZHOU Zun-chun. Food web in jellyfish-shrimp-shellfish polyculture pond[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(6): 2028-2034.

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