城市化景观格局对本土植物多样性的多尺度影响——以北京市顺义区为例

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202012.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 景观格局对植物多样性的影响已经在很多研究中得到了验证,但有关城市景观的影响仍然知之甚少。为了探究城市化景观格局对植物多样性的影响及其尺度效应,本研究在北京市顺义区调查了105个样地,计算每个样地的α和β多样性指数;并以100 m为步长,分析了100～1000 m范围内的10个尺度43个城市的景观格局指数。结果表明: 在所有尺度上,城市景观面积指数、核心类指数和边缘指数与本土植物多样性均呈负相关;形状复杂性指数在小尺度内有利于植物多样性,而面积加权复杂性指数则在较大尺度上影响明显。其他指数如城市斑块的连接性、邻近性、内聚性、破碎性和散布并列指数与本土植物多样性之间的关系轻微且不稳定。城市化强度与尺度呈负相关,与各个尺度的植物多样性呈负相关。合理将城市区域分为许多边缘简单的小斑块,能够更好地保护本土植物多样性。该研究提出了保护城市植物多样性的景观格局建议,为生态城市建设提供参考。

关键词: 植物多样性, 城市化, 景观格局, 尺度依赖性, 相关分析

Abstract: The effects of landscape pattern on plant diversity have been widely reported in literature, with that of urban landscape remaining largely unknown. To explore the impacts of urbanization landscape pattern on plant diversity and its scale effect, 105 plots were investigated in Shunyi District, Beijing. The α and β diversity of each plot were calculated, and 43 urban landscape indices of 10 scales in the range of 100-1000 m were analyzed with 100 m as the step. The results showed that the urban landscape area metric, core metrics and edge metrics were negatively related with diversity of indigenous plant species at all the examined scales. Shape complexity metrics contributed to plant diversity at small scale, while the area-weighted complexity metrics contributed at large scale. Other metrics, such as connection, proximity, cohesion, fragmentation and interspersion juxtaposition of urban patches showed a slight and unsteady relationship with the diversity of indigenous plant species. The urbanization intensity was negatively related with scales and with plant diversity at all scales. Urban landscape could better conserve indigenous plant diversity by reasonably dividing an urbanized area into many small patches with simple edge. Our results presented suitable urban landscape indicators for preserving plant diversity and suggestions for the construction of ecological cities.

Key words: plant diversity, urbanization, landscape pattern, scale-dependence, correlation analysis.

彭羽, 王玟涛, 卢奕曈, 董吉会, 周艳秋, 尚佳欣, 李响, 米凯. 城市化景观格局对本土植物多样性的多尺度影响——以北京市顺义区为例[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(12): 4058-4066.

PENG Yu, WANG Wen-tao, LU Yi-tong, DONG Ji-hui, ZHOU Yan-qiu, SHANG Jia-xin, LI Xiang, MI Kai. Multiscale influences of urbanized landscape metrics on the diversity of indigenous plant species: A case study in Shunyi District of Beijing, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(12): 4058-4066.

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