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应用生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 2767-2776.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202310.026

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2000—2020年金沙江干热河谷景观生态风险的时空变化

张峻铭1, 孙永玉2,3, 周姗1, 邱昕腾1, 孙仕仙4, 欧朝蓉1*   

  1. 1西南林业大学地理与生态旅游学院, 昆明 650224;
    2中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所, 昆明 650233;
    3中国林业科学研究院元谋干热河谷生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 云南楚雄 675000;
    4西南林业大学湿地学院, 昆明 650224
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-02 接受日期:2023-08-29 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2024-04-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: flymoon97@163.com
  • 作者简介:张峻铭, 男, 1999年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事地理信息系统与景观生态学研究。E-mail: 1259666969@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家林草局林业科技创新平台项目(2022132108)、国家自然科学基金项目(42061074)、云南省自然生态监测网络监测项目(2021-YN-07)和西南林业大学博士研究启动基金项目(111812)

Spatial and temporal variations of landscape ecological risk in the dry and hot valley of the Jinsha River during 2000-2020

ZHANG Junming1, SUN Yongyu2,3, ZHOU Shan1, QIU Xinteng1, SUN Shixian4, OU Zhao-rong1*   

  1. 1School of Geography and Ecotourism, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
    2Institute of Plateau Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, Kunming 650233, China;
    3National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Yuanmou Dry Hot Valley Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, Chuxiong 675000, Yunnan, China;
    4College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
  • Received:2023-07-02 Accepted:2023-08-29 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2024-04-15

摘要: 科学评估长江上游生态脆弱区的景观生态风险对区域生态调控及构筑长江生态安全屏障具有重要意义。本研究以云南省金沙江干热河谷区全域为研究区,构建景观生态风险评价模型,分析区域景观生态风险的时空分布格局。结果表明: 2000、2010和2020年,研究区景观生态风险指数均值分别为0.414、0.398和0.462,至2020年全域已达到较高风险水平。2000和2010年,各等级的景观生态风险区交错分布,至2020年高风险区呈集中分布态势。2000—2020年,研究区各区段景观生态风险指数均值均处在0.42附近,临近较高风险等级水平,表明各区段景观生态风险等级均较高。研究区各区段的中、低风险区面积均缩小,而高风险区面积明显增长。西段和中段的高风险区面积增幅远高于东段。景观生态风险显著变化区域面积约占研究区总面积的55%,风险显著上升区和下降区均具有明显的空间集聚特征。研究区全域景观生态风险水平先降后升,西段地区的景观生态风险恶化趋势最明显,大部分地区景观生态风险变化显著。政府主导的生态管理政策和措施及市场主导的土地利用活动相互博弈成为本区域景观生态风险变化的主因。未来应开展气候变化耦合人类活动对研究区全域和局域景观生态风险变化的驱动机理研究,以有效应对区域生态风险。

关键词: 干热河谷, 景观格局, 景观功能, 景观生态风险, 时空异质性

Abstract: Scientific assessment of landscape ecological risk in ecologically fragile areas of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is of great significance to regional ecological regulation and construction of the Yangtze River ecological security barrier. With the dry-hot valley area of Jinsha River in Yunnan Province as the research area, we constructed a landscape ecological risk evaluation model, and analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of regional landscape ecological risk. The results showed that the average values of landscape ecological risk index (LER) in the study area were 0.414, 0.398, and 0.462 in 2000, 2010 and 2020, respectively. The LER value of the whole region had reached a higher risk level by 2020. In 2000 and 2010, the landscape ecological risk zones of each level were staggered, and the high-risk zones showed a centralized distribution in 2020. During the two decades, the average LER of each section in the study area was around 0.42, which was close to the high risk level, indicating high landscape ecological risk level. The area of middle and low risk zones had decreased, while the area of high risk zone had significantly increased. The area of high risk zone in the western and middle sections was much higher than that in the eastern section. The area with significant changes of landscape ecological risk accounted for about 55% of the total study area, with obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics of significant increase and decrease of risk. The competition between government-led ecological management policies and measures and market-led land use activities was the main cause of landscape ecological risk variations in this region. In the future, the driving mechanism of climate change coupled with human activities on global and local landscape ecological risk changes in the study area should be uncovered to effectively cope with regional ecological risks.

Key words: dry-hot valley, landscape pattern, landscape function, landscape ecological risk, spatiotemporal heterogeneity