生物结皮分布格局对坡面流水动力特征的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202103.017

应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 1015-1022.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202103.017

生物结皮分布格局对坡面流水动力特征的影响

吉静怡^1,2, 赵允格^2,3*, 杨凯^1,2, 张万涛^2,4, 高丽倩², 明姣³, 王闪闪³

¹西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;
²西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
³中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
⁴西北农林科技大学林学院, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2020-10-22 接受日期:2020-12-27 出版日期:2021-03-15 发布日期:2021-09-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: zyunge@ms.iswc.ac.cn
作者简介:吉静怡, 女, 1996年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事生物结皮的生态功能研究。E-mail: Jjingyi123@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41830758)和中国科学院“西部之光”交叉团队-重点实验室合作研究专项(2019年入选)资助

Effects of the distribution of biological soil crust on the hydrodynamic characteristics of surface runoff

JI Jing-yi^1,2, ZHAO Yun-ge^2,3*, YANG Kai^1,2, ZHANG Wan-tao^2,4, GAO Li-qian², MING Jiao³, WANG Shan-shan³

¹College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
²State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Northwest A＆F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
³State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
⁴College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2020-10-22 Accepted:2020-12-27 Online:2021-03-15 Published:2021-09-15
Contact: * E-mail: zyunge@ms.iswc.ac.cn
Supported by:
Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41830758) and the Interdisciplinary Key Laboratory Cooperation Research Project of “West Light” of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Funded in 2019)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物结皮的分布格局是影响坡面产流产沙的因素之一,但其格局对侵蚀动力的影响机理尚不明确,妨碍了进一步解析生物结皮影响坡面产流产沙的机制。本研究通过室内模拟降雨试验,采用景观生态学方法,对带状、棋盘和随机3种分布格局下生物结皮坡面景观指数和水力学参数的变化规律与裸土坡面进行对比研究。结果表明: 生物结皮显著影响坡面侵蚀动力,其分布格局是影响坡面侵蚀动力的因素之一。与裸土相比,生物结皮显著降低了坡面流速(54.6%)和弗劳德数(67.0%),显著增加了径流深(86.2%)和阻力系数(10.68倍),但对雷诺数和径流功率的影响较小;除径流深外,3种格局的生物结皮坡面的各水力学参数均存在显著差异,其中,随机格局对坡面侵蚀动力的影响最大。基于因子分析和聚类分析,筛选出斑块占景观面积比例、斑块密度、景观形状指数、斑块连结度和分离度5个指标作为描述生物结皮斑块分布特征的指标。其中,生物结皮斑块间的斑块连结度和分离度是影响坡面侵蚀动力的主要格局因子。随着生物结皮斑块间斑块连结度减小、分离度增大,坡面流速增加,阻力减小,坡面侵蚀加剧。

关键词: 生物土壤结皮, 径流, 景观指数, 破碎度, 连通性

Abstract: The distribution pattern of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) is one of the main factors affecting runoff and sediment yield. The relationship between runoff and sediment yield and biocrusts’ distribution pattern is not clear, which hinders understanding the mechanism underlying the effects of biocrusts on runoff and sediment from slopes. To fill the knowledge gap, we investigated the relationship between the landscape indices of three biocrusts’ distribution patterns, i.e. zonation, chessboard and random, and the hydraulic parameters, using of simulated rainfall experiments and landscape ecology methods. The results showed that biocrust significantly affected the erosion force of slopes and that its distribution pattern could affect slope erosion dynamics. Compared to bare soil, the presence of biocrusts significantly reduced the runoff velocity (54.6%) and Froude number (67.0%), increased the runoff depth (86.2%) and Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient (10.68 times), but did not affect the Reynolds number and runoff power. Expect for the runoff depth, there were significant differences in the hydraulic parameters of the three biocrusts’ distribution patterns, with the random pattern having the strongest impacts on the dynamics of slope erosion. Based on factor analysis and cluster analysis, five indices of percentage of patch to landscape area, patch density, landscape shape index, patch cohesion and splitting could be used as the indicators for the distribution characteristics of biocrust patches. The patch cohesion and splitting of biocrust patches were the main distribution pattern indices of the hydrodynamics of surface runoff. As the patches patch cohesion decreased, the splitting increased, which caused the surface runoff velocity increase, the resistance decrease, and the slope erosion became more severe.

Key words: biological soil crust, surface runoff, landscape index, degree of fragmentation, connectivity

吉静怡, 赵允格, 杨凯, 张万涛, 高丽倩, 明姣, 王闪闪. 生物结皮分布格局对坡面流水动力特征的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(3): 1015-1022.

JI Jing-yi, ZHAO Yun-ge, YANG Kai, ZHANG Wan-tao, GAO Li-qian, MING Jiao, WANG Shan-shan. Effects of the distribution of biological soil crust on the hydrodynamic characteristics of surface runoff[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(3): 1015-1022.

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生物结皮分布格局对坡面流水动力特征的影响

Effects of the distribution of biological soil crust on the hydrodynamic characteristics of surface runoff

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