关中塿土工程堆积体坡面径流和产沙对坡长及砾石含量的响应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202403.019

应用生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 749-758.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202403.019

关中塿土工程堆积体坡面径流和产沙对坡长及砾石含量的响应

郭培龙¹, 王文龙^1,2*, 李建明¹, 康宏亮², 娄义宝², 韦思瀚²

¹西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
²中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2023-08-09 修回日期:2024-01-02 出版日期:2024-03-18 发布日期:2024-06-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: wlwang@nwsuaf.edu.cn
作者简介:郭培龙, 男, 2000年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事土壤侵蚀机理研究。E-mail: guopeilong@nwafu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501604)和国家自然科学基金项目(42077079)

Responses of runoff and sediment yield to slope length and gravel content of Lou soil engineering accumulation slope in Guanzhong region, Northwest China

GUO Peilong¹, WANG Wenlong^1,2^*, LI Jianming¹, KANG Hongliang², LOU Yibao², WEI Sihan²

¹State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
²Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2023-08-09 Revised:2024-01-02 Online:2024-03-18 Published:2024-06-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着关中地区经济发展,产生大量以塿土为主要土壤类型的工程堆积体。采用模拟降雨的方法研究不同降雨强度(1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 mm·min^-1)和不同坡长(3、5、6.5、12 m)条件下土质(0%砾石)、土石质(30%砾石)塿土堆积体坡面径流和产沙特征。结果表明: 雨强在1.0～1.5 mm·min^-1时,径流率相对稳定,而在2.0～2.5 mm·min^-1时,径流率波动变化明显;平均径流率在相同坡面不同雨强时存在显著差异,随雨强增大2种坡面间平均径流率差异显著增大,在相同雨强下,土石质坡面径流率在各坡长间的差异较土质坡面更明显。在3～6.5 m 坡长时,坡面流速先迅速增大后缓慢增大或趋于稳定,12 m坡长时则显著提高;随雨强增大,砾石对平均流速的抑制作用增强,雨强2.5 mm·min^-1时,土石质坡面平均流速较土质坡面的减幅最大可达61.5%。雨强<2.0 mm·min^-1时,产沙率呈逐渐下降或稳定变化的趋势,其他雨强时则呈先迅速下降后“多峰多谷”波动变化的趋势,且雨强越大波动越明显。平均产沙率与径流参数之间呈极显著正相关,其中,与径流率的拟合效果最好。各因子中,坡长对径流流速和次降雨侵蚀量的贡献率均最高,分别为51.8%和35.5%。该研究结果可为塿土区工程堆积体水土流失治理提供科学依据。

关键词: 模拟降雨, 坡长, 砾石含量, 径流, 产沙, 贡献率

Abstract: With the economic development, a large number of engineering accumulation bodies with Lou soil as the main soil type were produced in Guanzhong area, Northwest China. We examined the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield of Lou soil accumulation bodies with earth (gravel content 0%) and earth-rock (gravel content 30%) under different rainfall intensities (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mm·min^-1) and different slope lengths (3, 5, 6.5, 12 m) by the simulating rainfall method. The results showed that runoff rate was relatively stable when rainfall intensity was 1.0-1.5 mm·min^-1, while runoff rate fluctuated obviously when rainfall intensity was 2.0-2.5 mm·min^-1. The average runoff rate varied significantly across different rainfall intensities on the same slopes, and the difference of average runoff rate of the two slopes was significantly increased with rainfall intensity. Under the same rainfall intensity, the difference in runoff rate between the slope lengths of the earth-rock slope was more obvious than that of the earth slope. When the slope length was 3-6.5 m, flow velocity increased rapidly at first and then increased slowly or tended to be stable. When the slope length was 12 m, flow velocity increased significantly. In general, with the increases of rainfall intensity, inhibition effect of gravel on the average flow velocity was enhanced. When rainfall intensity was 2.5 mm·min^-1, the maximum reduction in the average flow velocity of earth-rock slope was 61.5% lower than that of earth slope. When rainfall intensity was less than 2.0 mm·min^-1, sediment yield rate showed a trend of gradual decline or stable change, while that under the other rainfall intensities showed a trend of rapid decline and then fluctuated sharply. The greater the rainfall intensity, the more obvious the fluctuation. There was a significant positive correlation between the average sediment yield rate and runoff parameters, with the runoff rate showing the best fitting effect. Among the factors, slope length had the highest contribution to runoff velocity and rainfall erosion, which was 51.8% and 35.5%, respectively. This study can provide scientific basis for soil and water erosion control of engineering accumulation in Lou soil areas.

Key words: simulated rainfall, slope length, gravel content, runoff, sediment yield, contribution rate

郭培龙, 王文龙, 李建明, 康宏亮, 娄义宝, 韦思瀚. 关中塿土工程堆积体坡面径流和产沙对坡长及砾石含量的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(3): 749-758.

GUO Peilong, WANG Wenlong, LI Jianming, KANG Hongliang, LOU Yibao, WEI Sihan. Responses of runoff and sediment yield to slope length and gravel content of Lou soil engineering accumulation slope in Guanzhong region, Northwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(3): 749-758.

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关中塿土工程堆积体坡面径流和产沙对坡长及砾石含量的响应

Responses of runoff and sediment yield to slope length and gravel content of Lou soil engineering accumulation slope in Guanzhong region, Northwest China

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