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应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 583-592.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201902.024

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

硅钙钾镁肥对南方稻田土壤酸性和盐基离子动态变化的影响

冀建华1,2,李絮花1*,刘秀梅2,侯红乾2,刘益仁2,吕真真2,蓝贤瑾2,陈剑秋3   

  1. 1山东农业大学资源与环境学院土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 山东泰安 271018;
    2江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心, 南昌 330200;
    3金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司养分资源高效开发与综合利用国家重点实验室, 山东临沂 276700
  • 收稿日期:2018-06-19 修回日期:2018-12-19 出版日期:2019-02-20 发布日期:2019-02-20
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:lixh64@163.com
  • 作者简介:冀建华,男,1982年生,博士研究生,助理研究员.主要从事植物营养与施肥和土壤改良技术研究.E-mail:jron_jijianhua@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由江西省重点研发计划项目(20161BBF60125)、江西现代农业科研协同创新专项(JXXTCX2015002-04)和国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200402-4)资助

Effects of fertilizer of calcium silicon magnesium potassium on the dynamics of soil acidity and exchangeable base cation in paddy field of southern China.

JI Jian-hua1,2, LI Xu-hua1*, LIU Xiu-mei2, HOU Hong-qian2, LIU Yi-ren2, LYU Zhen-zhen2, LAN Xian-jin2, CHEN Jian-qiu3   

  1. 1National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China;
    2National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China;
    3State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co. Ltd., Linyi 276700, Shandong, China
  • Received:2018-06-19 Revised:2018-12-19 Online:2019-02-20 Published:2019-02-20
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province of China (20161BBF60125), the Collaborative Innovation of Modern Agriculture Research Program (JXXTCX2015002-04) of Jiangxi Province of China and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0200402-4).

摘要: 南方稻田土壤大面积酸化是水稻生产的主要限制因子.尽管石灰作为酸化土壤调理剂已广泛应用,但大量或长期施用石灰不仅会引起土壤板结,而且会导致土壤钙、钾、镁等元素的平衡失调.硅钙钾镁肥由于溶解度更低、养分全面是良好的替代材料.为了明确硅钙钾镁肥阻控土壤酸化的效果和作用,本研究采用连续4年的硅钙钾镁肥田间定位试验,以农民习惯施肥为对照,分析在农民习惯施肥基础上增施750、1125、1500和1875 kg·hm-2硅钙钾镁肥下稻田土壤pH、交换性酸、交换性盐基离子和有效硅的动态变化.结果表明: 农民习惯施肥导致土壤pH、土壤交换性盐基和盐基饱和度逐年下降,土壤交换性酸逐年增加.与之相反,硅钙钾镁肥处理显著提高了土壤pH值,提高幅度随硅钙钾镁肥施用次数或用量的增加而增大.连续多次施用硅钙钾镁肥有效促进了盐基离子在土壤中的累积和土壤交换酸的消耗,特别是土壤交换性Ca2+、Mg2+的累积和土壤交换性Al3+的消耗,硅钙钾镁肥用量越大,积累或消耗的量越多,但速率相对越慢.土壤交换性酸消耗量中,硅钙钾镁肥释放的交换性盐基离子和相应碱贡献了108.8%,是交换性酸减少的主要途径.硅钙钾镁肥在改良稻田土壤酸性的同时,土壤有效硅含量逐年增加,增幅随硅钙钾镁肥施用量的增加而显著增大.总之,农民习惯施肥导致土壤持续酸化,酸化率为2.86 kmol H+·hm-2·a-1,硅钙钾镁肥能有效阻控酸化过程,产生了大量碱(9.69~18.44 kmol OH-·hm-2·a-1),释放的Ca2+、Mg2+盐基离子和相应碱是土壤酸化阻控的主要作用因子.

关键词: 土壤改良, 交换性盐基离子, 土壤有效硅, 硅钙钾镁肥, 土壤pH

Abstract: Soil acidification of large areas of paddy fields in southern China has become an important problem in rice production. Therefore, how to ameliorate or remedy the acidifying paddy soil and to exposit its mechanism has important theoretical and practical significance for rebuilding healthy soils and guaranteeing national food security. Although lime has already been extensively used to remedy acidified soils, long-term application of a large amount of lime would not only cause the soil to harden, but also disturb the balance between calcium, potassium and magnesium in the soil. Given the advantages of lower solubility and comprehensive nutrient supply, fertilizer of calcium silicon magnesium potassium (CSMP) may be used as an alternative. The aim of this study was to clarify the functions of CSMP and its effects on soil acidification in paddy fields. A four-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the dynamics of soil pH, exchangeable acidi-ty, exchangeable base cation and available silicon, as well as 0~30 cm pH buffer capacity (pHBC), net base production under CSMP fertilization in the paddy soil. There were five treatments, i.e. CK (traditional fertilization practice of the local farmers), treatment I (CK plus 750 kg·hm-2 CSMP); treatment II (CK plus 1125 kg·hm-2 CSMP), treatment III (CK plus 1500 kg·hm-2 CSMP), and treatment IV (CK plus 1875 kg·hm-2 CSMP). The results showed that the traditional fertilization practice of the local farmers resulted in a decline of soil pH, soil exchangeable base cation and base saturation year by year, but soil exchangeable acid was increased with year. Conversely, CSPM fertlization significantly raised soil pH, with the magnitude of increases positively depending on the number of application times or application rate. Continuous and repeated application of CSMP effectively promoted the accumulation of exchangeable base cation and the consumption of soil exchangeable acid in paddy soil, especially for the accumulation of soil exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+ and the consumption of soil exchangeable Al3+. Furthermore, the more amount of CSPM application resulted in the more accumulation or consumption, but with relatively slower rate. The exchangeable base cation and alkali released by CSMP contributed 108.8% to the total reduction of soil exchangeable acid, suggesting that it was the main path to reduce soil exchangeable acid. Meanwhile, CSMP application improved soil acidity in paddy field, with the content of available silicon increased year by year and the increase amplitude became larger with the more amount of CSMP application. The traditional fertilization of local farmers resulted in soil acidification, with a acidification rate was 2.86 kmol H+·hm-2·a-1. CSMP application could effectively control soil acidification, producing a lot of alkalinity with net alkalinity production of 9.93-13.82 kmol OH-·hm-2·a-1. CSPM could release Ca2+, Mg2+ and alkali, which would mitigate soil acidification in paddy fields.

Key words: fertilizer of calcium silicon magnesium potassium (CSMP), soil improvement, exchangeable base cations, soil pH, soil available silicon