气候变化背景下中国农业气候资源变化Ⅶ.青藏高原干旱半干旱区农业气候资源变化特征

应用生态学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (07): 1817-1824.

气候变化背景下中国农业气候资源变化Ⅶ.青藏高原干旱半干旱区农业气候资源变化特征

徐华军1,2,杨晓光1**,王文峰1,3,徐超1,4

1中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193；2宁夏大学农学院，银川 750021；3国家气象中心，北京 100081；4中国科学院青藏高原研究所，北京 100085

出版日期:2011-07-18 发布日期:2011-07-18

Changes of China agricultural climate resources under the background of climate change. VII. Change characteristics of agricultural climate resources in arid and semi-arid region of Tibet Plateau.

XU Hua-jun1,2, YANG Xiao-guang1, WANG Wen-feng1,3, XU Chao1,4

1College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2College of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 3National Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China; 4Istitute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China

Online:2011-07-18 Published:2011-07-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于青藏高原干旱半干旱区1961—2007年55个气象站点地面观测资料，利用五日滑动平均法及GIS软件的IDW模块进行栅格处理，对比分析了研究区1961—1980年（时段Ⅰ）和1981—2007年（时段Ⅱ）各气候要素的时空变化特征及其气候倾向率.结果表明：1961—2007年，研究区喜凉作物生长季内日照时数的变化不明显，喜温作物生长季内日照时数呈增加趋势，但空间分布的变化较小；与时段Ⅰ相比，时段Ⅱ喜温作物生长季内积温值≥1500 ℃·d的地区面积扩大33.9%；降水量的空间分布总体表现为由东南低地向西北内陆逐渐递减，研究期间青藏高原东南部喜凉作物生长季内降水量均达到800 mm，其他地区喜凉作物生长季内降水量的气候倾向率有正有负，变幅相对较小，与时段Ⅰ相比，时段Ⅱ喜温作物生长季内降水量≥400 mm的分布面积扩大了40%；参考作物蒸散量（ET₀）总体略有增加，其空间分布格局与日照时数和积温的分布相似，时段Ⅱ较时段Ⅰ喜温作物生长季内ET₀≥400 mm的分布面积扩大了35.7%.研究期间，青藏高原作物生长季内的热量与降水资源有一定幅度增加，这对农牧业生产非常有利，但ET₀的增大表明潜在蒸发增大，需进一步加强研究气候变化对该区域农牧业生产带来的可能影响.

关键词: 全球气候变化背景, 青藏高原, 农业气候资源, 气候倾向率

Abstract: Based on the 1961-2007 ground observation data from 55 meteorological stations in arid and semi-arid region of Tibetan Plateau, and by using 5-day moving average method and ArcGIS-IDW module, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal change characteristics and climatic trend rates of agricultural climate resources in the region in 1961-1980 (period I) and 1981-2007 (period II). In 1961-2007, the sunshine duration during the growth season of chimonophilous crops in the study region changed less, while that during the growth season of thermophilic crops increased but with little spatial change. Comparing with those in period I, the average value of accumulated temperature in period II showed an increasing trend, and the area with ≥1500 ℃·d during the growth season of thermophilic crops increased by 33.9%. The precipitation decreased gradually from southeast to northwest. During the growth season of chimonophilous crops, the precipitation in the southeast in the two periods reached 800 mm, but the climatic trend in other areas was positive or negative, and the change rate was small. The area with precipitation ≥ 400 mm during the growth season of thermophilic crops in period II expanded by 40%, as compared in period I. The reference crop evapotranspiration (ET₀) generally increased slightly, and shared the similar spatial distribution pattern with sunshine duration and accumulated temperature. During the growth season of thermophilic crops, the area with ET₀≥ 400 mm in period II expanded by 35.7%, compared with that in period I. In the study period, the heat and precipitation resources during crop growth seasons in Tibet Plateau increased in a certain degree, which was very beneficial to the agriculture-stock production. However, the increase of reference crop evapotranspitation indicated the increase of potential evaporation. Thereby, the researches about the possible effects of climate change on agriculture-stock production should be further strengthened.

Key words: background of global climate change, Tibet Plateau, agricultural climate resources, climatic trend rate

徐华军,杨晓光,王文峰,徐超. 气候变化背景下中国农业气候资源变化Ⅶ.青藏高原干旱半干旱区农业气候资源变化特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(07): 1817-1824.

[1]	马建国, 李玉满, 王树林, 朱怀德, 姚梦凡, 王晓波. 典型黄帚橐吾型退化草地形成过程中土壤和植被特征 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(8): 2153-2160.
[2]	卢子欣, 杨漫, 李彬, 胡俊杰, 于海彬. 喜马拉雅山脉种子植物海拔梯度分布格局及其影响因素 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(7): 1787-1796.
[3]	朱荣, 杨雪, 龚浩鑫, 王志波, 陈爽, 王小春, 王瑞丽. 青藏高原东缘松科植物叶脉性状的变异 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(5): 1203-1210.
[4]	苟国花, 樊军, 王茜, 周明星, 杨学亭. 基于最小数据集的青藏高原南北部不同土地利用方式土壤质量评价 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(5): 1360-1366.
[5]	郝嘉元, 智烈慧, 李晓文, 董世魁, 李巍. 青藏高原土地利用格局和生态系统服务的时空演变特征及关系 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(11): 3053-3063.
[6]	徐贺年, 王江林, 彭小梅, 任子健. 青藏高原东北部祁连圆柏径向生长对不同类型干旱的响应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(8): 2097-2104.
[7]	崔茜琳, 何云玲, 李宗善. 青藏高原植被水分利用效率时空变化及与气候因子的关系 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(6): 1525-1532.
[8]	刘杰, 汲玉河, 周广胜, 周莉, 吕晓敏, 周梦子. 2000—2020年青藏高原植被净初级生产力时空变化及其气候驱动作用 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(6): 1533-1538.
[9]	石明明, 王喆, 周秉荣, 杨鑫光, 孙玮婕. 青藏高原草地退化特征及其与气候因子的关系 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(12): 3271-3278.
[10]	李文宇, 张扬建, 沈若楠, 朱军涛, 丛楠. 氮磷共限制青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统碳吸收 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(1): 51-58.
[11]	安前东, 徐梦, 张旭博, 焦克, 张崇玉. 西藏色季拉山垂直植被带土壤细菌群落组成及功能潜势 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(6): 2147-2157.
[12]	杨达, 易桂花, 张廷斌, 李景吉, 秦岩宾, 文博, 刘志宇. 青藏高原植被生长季NDVI时空变化与影响因素 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(4): 1361-1372.
[13]	赵晓恩, 岳伟鹏, 高志鸿, 陈峰. 河谷澜沧黄杉指示的青藏高原东南地区过去205年干湿变化 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(10): 3643-3652.
[14]	聂文政, 李明启. 树轮数据揭示的强火山喷发对青藏高原地区气候的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(10): 3771-3780.
[15]	张玉芳, 杨柳, 刘琰琰, 张秀琼, 陈超, 谢士娟, 冯文帅. 1961—2017年攀西烤烟生育期农业气候资源变化特征 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(7): 2352-2362.