氮素形态对树木养分吸收和生长的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由于NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N形态的差异,二者对树木养分吸收和生长发育的影响不同.树木常表现出对NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N的选择性吸收,树种对NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N吸收的偏好特性可能与生长地的土壤pH有关.来自于酸性土壤的树种通常具有喜NH₄⁺-N的特性,而来自于中性或碱性土壤的树种常表现出喜NO₃^--N的趋势.由于NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N所带电荷的差异,通常NH₄⁺-N有利于阴离子的吸收,而NO₃^--N则促进阳离子的吸收.在有些情况下,NH₄⁺-N会抑制NO₃^--N的吸收,但抑制的机制目前还不清楚.树木吸收NH₄⁺-N时,引起根际pH下降,相反吸收NO₃^--N时根际pH升高.根际pH变化可以改变土壤养分的有效性,并影响树木对养分的吸收利用.树木对NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N的生长反应不同,有些喜NH₄⁺-N的针叶树在供应NH₄⁺-N时生长较好.多数植物在同时供应NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N时生长量最大,有些树种在同时供应NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N时也表现出最高的生长,但对于树木类似的研究还少,这一现象对于树木是否具有普遍性还需要大量试验证明.

关键词: 树木营养, 硝态氮, 铵态氮, 根际pH

Abstract: Forest tree species take up both NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N forms of nitrogen (N) during their growth. However, the effects of Nform on nutrition uptake and tree growth are different due to the different Nforms. Generally, trees show preference to Nsource, and most conifers prefer to NH₄⁺-N while the preference to N form of broadleaved trees is unclear. The preference may be correlated with the pHvalue of the site on which the trees grown. The trees grown on acid soil generally appear preference to NH₄⁺-N while trees grown on litmusless or alkaline soil prefer to NO₃^--N. Fungus also can alter the tree uptake characteristic to NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N. In some species, the NO₃^--N uptake capacity increased remarkably while uptake capacity of NH₄⁺-N keep consistent when fungus were inoculated. NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N have different effects on other nutrient ions uptake because of the difference charge of NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N. In general, NH₄⁺-N accelerates the anion absorption while inhibits cation absorption. The effects of nitrogen forms on nutrition uptake are related with not only the charge of NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N, but also the restrain effects among other ions. Sometimes, NH₄⁺-N inhibits NO₃^--N uptake, but the mechanism is not very clear now. The form of which nitrogen is taken up by trees will induce the change of rhizospheric pH value. Uptake of NH₄⁺-N results in the decrease of rhizospheric pHvalue. Contrary, uptake of NO₃^--N will cause the increase of rhizospheric pHvalue. The change of rhizospheric pHvalue will affect nutrient availability and thus affect nutrition uptake and utilization by trees. Trees grow differently after NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N uptake. When supplied with NH₄⁺-N, some confers that prefer to NH₄⁺-N grow better while a few ammonium-preference conifers hardly show the better growth. N evertheless, most plants grow better when both forms of N supplied simultaneously than either of Nsource supplied alone. For few similar studies were carried out with tree species, it needs to do more researches.

Key words: Tree nutrition, Nitrate, Ammonium, Rhizosphere pH

中图分类号:

Q945
S718

张彦东, 白尚斌. 氮素形态对树木养分吸收和生长的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (11): 2044-2048.

ZHANG Yandong, BAI Shangbin . Effects of nitrogen forms on nutrient uptake and growth of trees[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (11): 2044-2048.

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