Effects of water-nitrogen coupling on photosynthetic characteristics, yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency for mountain apple trees under surge-root irrigation in Northern Shaanxi area of China

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202103.027

Abstract

Abstract: Taking 7-year-old apple trees (Hanfu) as the test material, an experiment with three irrigation levels including high water (W₁, 85%-100%θ_f, θ_f was the field water holding capacity), medium water (W₂, 70%-85%θ_f) and low water (W₃, 55%-70%θ_f), and three nitrogen application levels, high (N₁, 600 kg·hm^-2), medium (N₂, 400 kg·hm^-2) and low (N₃, 200 kg·hm^-2), was conducted to investigate the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and water and nitrogen utilization of apple trees in mountainous areas under surge-root irrigation (SRI). The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (g_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), leaf instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i) of apple trees leaves decreased with decreasing nitrogen application rates under the same irrigation amount, but C_i increased. Under the same nitrogen application rate, foliar P_n, T_r, g_s and WUE_i decreased with decreasing irrigation amount, but C_i increased. The daily average values of P_n and T_r under W₁N₁ treatment were the largest, while W₂N₂ treatment had the largest WUE_i. Apple yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and nitrogen partial productivity (NPFP) were significantly affected by irrigation and nitrogen application. The W₂N₂ treatment had the highest yield (26761 kg·hm^-2). IWUE increased significantly with the decreasing irrigation and the increasing nitrogen application, while NPFP increased significantly with the increases of irrigation and the decreases of nitrogen application. Results of the regression analysis showed that the combination of irrigation and nitrogen application was closest to W₂N₂ treatment when yield and IWUE got the optimal solution. Therefore, W₂N₂ treatment was the best combination mode of water and nitrogen application for apple under SRI in Northern Shaanxi mountain area.

Key words: surge-root irrigation, mountain apple, water-nitrogen coupling, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency

LI Zhong-jie, FEI Liang-jun, HAO Kun, LIU Teng, ZHANG Quan-ju, CHEN Nan-shu, LIU Li-hua, ZHONG Yun. Effects of water-nitrogen coupling on photosynthetic characteristics, yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency for mountain apple trees under surge-root irrigation in Northern Shaanxi area of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(3): 967-975.

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