Effects of deep ploughing during the fallow period and soil moisture-based furrow sowing on water and nitrogen utilization of dryland wheat.

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202104.019

Abstract

Abstract: To understand the effects of deep ploughing during the fallow period and soil moisture-based furrow sowing on the utilization of water and nitrogen in dryland wheat, a field experiment following split-plot design was carried out from 2016 to 2018 in Wenxi County of Shanxi Province, with deep ploughing during the fallow period and no-tillage as main plots and soil moisture-based furrow sowing and drilling sowing as sub-plots. The results showed that, compared with no-tillage treatment, deep ploughing during the fallow period significantly increased soil water storage efficiency (by 38.3%-42.2%), soil water consumption (by 9.2%-13.2%), and nitrogen accumulation in each growth period, which in turn increased the yield by 7.1%-12.0%, annual water use efficiency by 5.5%-14.0%, nitrogen fertilizer absorption efficiency by 4.4%-10.3%, and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity by 7.1%-12.0%. Compared with the treatment of drilling sowing, the soil moisture-based furrow sowing increased the total water consumption during the growth period (by 2.0%-4.8%) and nitrogen accumulation in each growth period, increased the yield by 6.8%-12.4%, water use efficiency during the growth period by 4.5%-7.2%, nitrogen absorption efficiency by 4.4%-10.3%, nitrogen partial productivity by 6.9%-12.4%. In conclusion, deep ploughing during the fallow period and soil moisture-based furrow sowing in dryland wheat could promote the storage and utilization of natural precipitation, increase plant nitrogen accumulation, and facilitate high wheat yield.

Key words: dryland wheat, deep ploughing, soil moisture-based furrow sowing, yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency

ZHAO Jie, LIN Wen, SUN Min, REN Ai-xia, TONG Jin, LI Hao, WANG Xin-wei, GAO Zhi-qiang. Effects of deep ploughing during the fallow period and soil moisture-based furrow sowing on water and nitrogen utilization of dryland wheat.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(4): 1307-1316.

References

[1] 党建友, 裴雪霞, 张定一, 等. 休闲期深翻时间对旱地麦田土壤水分特性和小麦产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(9): 2975-2982 [Dang J-Y, Pei X-X, Zhang D-Y, et al. Effects of deep plowing time during the fallow period on water storage-consumption characteristics and wheat yield in dry-land soil. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(9): 2975-2982]
[2] 钟良平, 邵明安, 李玉山. 农田生态系统生产力演变及驱动力. 中国农业科学, 2004, 37(4): 510-515 [Zhong L-P, Shao M-A, Li Y-S. Changes of ecosystem productivity responding to driving forces in semiarid region. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2004, 37(4): 510-515]
[3] 张永丽, 于振文. 灌水量对小麦氮素吸收、分配、利用及产量与品质的影响. 作物学报, 2008, 34(5): 870-878 [Zhang Y-L, Yu Z-W. Effects of irrigation amount on nitrogen uptake, distribution, use, and grain yield and quality in wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2008, 34(5): 870-878]
[4] 侯贤清, 贾志宽, 韩清芳, 等. 轮耕对宁南旱区小麦花后旗叶光合性能及产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(15): 3108-3117 [Hou X-Q, Jia Z-K, Han Q-F, et al. Effects of rotational tillage on flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and yield after anthesis of winter wheat in arid areas of Southern Ningxia. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(15): 3108-3117]
[5] 孙敏, 温斐斐, 高志强, 等. 不同降水年型旱地小麦休闲期耕作的蓄水增产效应. 作物学报, 2014, 40(8): 1459-1469 [Sun M, Wen F-F, Gao Z-Q, et al. Effects of farming practice during fallow period on soil water storage and yield of dryland wheat in different rainfall years. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(8): 1459-1469]
[6] 白冬, 高志强, 孙敏, 等. 休闲期深翻覆盖对旱地小麦水氮利用效率和产量的影响. 生态学杂志, 2013, 32(6): 1497-1503 [Bai D, Gao Z-Q, Sun M, et al. Effects of deep plowing and mulching in summer fallow period on dryland wheat yield and water- and nitrogen use efficiency. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2013, 32(6): 1497-1503]
[7] Hui L, Jian FX, Zhi QG, et al. Response of yield increase for dryland winter wheat to tillage practice during summer fallow and sowing method in the Loess Plateau of China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17: 817-825
[8] 司纪升, 王法宏, 李升东, 等. 不同种植方式对小麦群体质量和产量结构的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2006, 26(6): 136-139 [Si J-S, Wang F-H, Li S-D, et al. Effect of different planting patterns on population quality and yield structure of wheat. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2006, 26(6): 136-139]
[9] 岳俊芹, 邵运辉, 陈远凯, 等. 播种方式对土壤温度和水分及小麦产量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2006, 26(5): 140-142 [Yue J-Q, Shao Y-H, Chen Y-K, et al. Effect of different planting ways on soil temperature and water and wheat yield. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2006, 26(5): 140-142]
[10] 李淑能, 段忠红. 小麦宽窄行探墒沟播栽培技术示范初探. 农业技术与装备, 2017(2): 49-50, 52 [Li S-N, Duan Z-H. Preliminary study on wheat row ditch sowing cultivation technology demonstration. Agricultural Technology & Equipment, 2017(2): 49-50, 52]
[11] 曹建明. 四种小麦播种模式的比较试验. 基层农技推广, 2017(12): 15-19 [Cao J-M. Comparative experiment of four wheat seeding modes. Primary Agricultural Technology Extension, 2017(12): 15-19]
[12] 张北赢, 徐学选, 刘文兆, 等. 黄土丘陵沟壑区不同降水年型下土壤水分动态. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(6): 1234-1240 [Zhang B-Y, Xu X-X, Liu W-Z, et al. Dynamic changes of soil moisture in loess hilly and gully region under effects of different yearly precipitation patterns. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19(6): 1234-1240]
[13] 王贵连, 苗党生. 浅谈土壤容重的测定. 北京农业, 2012(3): 86 [Wang G-L, Miao D-S. Determination of the bulk density of soil. Beijing Agriculture, 2012(3): 86]
[14] 赵俊晔, 于振文. 高产条件下施氮量对冬小麦氮素吸收分配利用的影响. 作物学报, 2006, 32(4): 484-490 [Zhao J-Y, Yu Z-W. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate on uptake distribution and utilization of nitrogen in winter wheat under high yielding cultivated condition. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2006, 32(4): 484-490]
[15] 侯贤清, 韩清芳, 贾志宽, 等. 半干旱区夏闲期不同耕作方式对土壤水分及小麦水分利用效率的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2009, 27(5): 52-58 [Hou X-Q, Han Q-F, Jia Z-K, et al. Effects of different tillage practices in summer fallow period on soil water and crop water use efficiency in semi-arid areas. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2009, 27(5): 52-58]
[16] Przulj N, Momčilović V. Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and use in spring barley. Plant, Soil and Environment, 2003, 49: 36-47
[17] 刘淑云, 谷卫刚, 尚明华, 等. 鲁西北生育期降水与小麦产量相关关系回归模型研究. 作物杂志, 2013, 26(6): 90-94 [Liu S-Y, Gu W-G, Shang M-H, et al. Optimum regression model between rainfall in wheat growth period and wheat yield. Crops, 2013, 26(6): 90-94]
[18] Viridiana A, Axel D, Reinhard W, et al. Deep plou-ghing increases agricultural soil organic matter stocks. Global Change Biology, 2016, 22: 2939-2956
[19] 邓妍, 高志强, 孙敏, 等. 夏闲期深翻覆盖对旱地麦田土壤水分及产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(1): 132-138 [Deng Y, Gao Z-Q, Sun M, et al. Effects of deep plowing and mulch in fallow period on soil water and yield of wheat in dryland. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(1): 132-138]
[20] 李廷亮, 谢英荷, 洪坚平, 等. 晋南旱地麦田夏闲期土壤水分和养分变化特征. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(6): 1601-1608 [Li T-L, Xie Y-H, Hong J-P, et al. Change characteristics of soil moisture and nutrients in rain-fed winter wheat field under different fertilization modes in Southern Shanxi of China during summer fallow period. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013, 24(6): 1601-1608]
[21] 孙敏, 白冬, 高志强, 等. 休闲期耕作对旱地麦田土壤水分与小麦植株氮素吸收、利用的影响. 水土保持学报, 2014, 28(1): 203-208 [Sun M, Bai D, Gao Z-Q, et al. Effects of tillage in fallow period on soil water and nitrogen absorption and utilization of dryland wheat. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 28(1): 203-208]
[22] Baumhardt R, Jones O. Residue management and tillage effects on soil-water storage and grain yield of dryland wheat and sorghum for a clay loam in Texas. Soil and Tillage Research, 2002, 68: 71-82
[23] 陈辉林, 田霄鸿, 王晓峰, 等. 不同栽培模式对渭北旱塬区冬小麦生长期间土壤水分、温度及产量的影响. 生态学报, 2010, 30(9): 2424-2433 [Chen H-L, Tian X-H, Wang X-F, et al. Effects of different cultivation models on soil water, soil temperature and yield during the winter wheat growth in the Weibei Dry Highland. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(9): 2424-2433]
[24] 李吾强, 温晓霞, 高茂盛, 等. 半湿润区旱作起垄覆膜沟播小麦的水分及生理效应研究. 西北农业学报, 2008, 17(5): 146-151 [Li W-Q, Wen X-X, Gao M-S, et al. Studies on water and physiological effect of winter wheat with plastic film mulching in semiarid farmland. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2008, 17(5): 146-151]
[25] 刘小丽, 王凯, 杨珍平, 等. 播期与播种方式的不同配套对一年两作区旱地冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(2): 232-238 [Liu X-L, Wang K, Yang Z-P, et al. Effect of different sowing dates and sowing methods on agronomic characters and yield of dry land winter wheat in two-cropping areas. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2018, 33(2): 232-238]
[26] 马新明, 李琳, 赵鹏, 等. 土壤水分对强筋小麦“豫麦34”氮素同化酶活性和籽粒品质的影响. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(1): 48-53 [Ma X-M, Li L, Zhao P, et al. Effect of water control on activities of nitrogen assimilation enzymes and grain quality in winter wheat. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(1): 48-53]
[27] Sanchez-Bragado R, Dolors SM, José AL. The nitrogen contribution of different plant parts to wheat grains: Exploring genotype, water, and nitrogen effects. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016, 7, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01986
[28] 任爱霞, 孙敏, 高志强, 等. 夏闲期覆盖配施氮肥对旱地小麦土壤水分及氮素利用的影响. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(15): 2888-2903 [Ren A-X, Sun M, Gao Z-Q, et al. Effects of mulching during the fallow period and nitrogen fertilizer on soil water and plant nitrogen use of dry-land wheat. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(15): 2888-2903]
[29] 谢英荷, 李廷亮, 洪坚平, 等. 施氮和垄膜沟播种植对晋南旱地冬小麦水分利用的影响. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(8): 2038-2044 [Xie Y-H, Li T-L, Hong J-P, et al. Effects of nitrogen application and ridge film furrow planting on water use of winter wheat in dry land of South Shanxi. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(8): 2038-2044]
[30] 李强, 王朝辉, 戴健, 等. 氮肥调控与地表覆盖对旱地冬小麦氮素吸收及残留淋失的影响. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(7): 1380-1389 [Li Q, Wang Z-H, Dai J, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer regulation and soil surface mulching on nitrogen use by winter wheat and its residue and leaching in dryland soil. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(7): 1380-1389]
[31] 王全九, 柴晶, 王翔翔. 夏闲期降水对黄土旱塬冬小麦水氮利用效率的影响. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(24): 82-88 [Wang Q-J, Cai J, Wang X-X. Influence of rainfall in summer fallow period on water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat on Loess Plateau. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(24): 82-88]
[32] 罗俊杰, 黄高宝. 底墒对旱地冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响研究. 灌溉排水学报, 2009, 28(3): 102-104, 111 [Luo J-J, Huang G-B. Effects of diffe-rent soil water before sowing on winter wheat yield and WUE in semi-arid areas. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2009, 28(3): 102-104, 111]
[33] 傅晓艺, 王红光, 刘志连, 等. 不同水分处理对小麦氮素和干物质积累与分配的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2020, 40(8): 955-963 [Fu X-Y, Wang H-G, Liu Z-L, et al. Effect of different water treatments on nitrogen and dry matter accumulation and distribution in wheat. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2020, 40(8): 955-963]
[34] 张亦涛, 刘宏斌, 张继宗, 等. 华北旱作区夏播单间作种植模式吸氮效果及后茬效应. 农业环境科学学报, 2012, 31(4): 768-772 [Zhang Y-T, Liu H-B, Zhang J-Z, et al. Nitrogen uptake and residual effect of different summer monocropping and intercropping patterns in dry farming area in the North China Plain. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2012, 31(4): 768-772]
[35] Ling ZX, Shahbaz K, Min S, et al. Effects of tillage practices on water consumption and grain yield of dryland winter wheat under different precipitation distribution in the Loess Plateau of China. Soil & Tillage Research, 2019, 191: 66-74
[36] 高艳梅, 孙敏, 高志强, 等. 不同降水年型旱地小麦覆盖对产量及水分利用效率的影响. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(18): 3589-3599 [Gao Y-M, Sun M, Gao Z-Q, et al. Effects of mulching on grain yield and water use efficiency of dryland wheat in different rainfall years. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(18): 3589-3599]