Abstract: In 2006-2007, a field trial was conducted to study the effects of applying three kinds of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers \[rapeseed cake compost plus inorganic fertilizers (RCC), pig manure compost plus inorganic fertilizers (PMC), and Chinese medicine residues plus inorganic fertilizers (CMC)］ on the crop growth and nitrogen (N) use efficiency of rice-wheat rotation system in South Jiangsu. Grain yield of wheat and rice in the different fertilization treatments was significantly higher than the control (no fertilization). In treatments RCC, PMC and CMC, the wheat yield was 13.1%, 32.2% and 39.3% lower than that of the NPK compound fertilizer (CF, 6760kg·hm^-2), respectively, but the rice yield (8504-9449 kg·hm^-2) was significantly higher than that (7919 kg·hm^-2) of CF, with an increment of 7.4%-19.3%. In wheat season, the aboveground dry mass, N accumulation, and  N use efficiency in treatments RCC, PMC, and CMC were lower than those of CF, but in rice season, these parameters were significantly higher than or as the same as CF. In sum, all the test three compound fertilizers had positive effects on the rice yield and its nitrogen use efficiency in the rice-wheat rotation system, being most significant for RCC.

Key words: rice-wheat rotation, organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, yield, nitrogen use efficiency