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Carbon sink of forest ecosystems: Concept, time effect and improvement approaches ZHU Jiaojun, GAO Tian, YU Lizhong, YANG Kai, SUN Tao, LU Deliang, LIU Zhihua, CHU Yingdong, ZHANG Jinxin, TENG Dexiong, ZHU Yuan, SUN Yirong, WANG Xugao, WANG Gaofeng Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (9): 2313-2321.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202409.025 Abstract （794）      PDF（pc） （2007KB）（84）       Knowledge map    Save The widespread utilization of fossil fuels has emitted large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution, leading to climate warming and frequent occurrence of extreme climate events. To effectively alleviate climate change, the international community has made various efforts to reduce carbon emissions and eliminate CO2 from the atmosphere. In 2020, the Chinese government announced that carbon emission peaking and carbon neutrality will be achieved by 2030 and 2060, respectively. According to the current forecast, by the time carbon neutrality is achieved in 2060, even under the minimum conditions of fossil energy use, production, and living emissions, China will still have to emit about 1/4 of the current total emissions. These carbon must primarily be absorbed by ecosystems. Furthermore, approximately 140 ppm increase in CO2 in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution still needs to be removed by ecosystems. Forests are the main component of terrestrial ecosystems, contributing more than 80% of the carbon sequestration capacity of all terrestrial ecosystems. However, due to the long periodicity, complexity and dynamic variability of forests, the basic concepts of ecosystem carbon sink and its time effect are still unclear, leading to problems, such as lacking technologies for improving carbon sink capacity and disorganized rules in the carbon sink trading market. In this review, we introduced carbon sink concept according to the processes of absorbing and fixing CO2 by plant photosynthesis in forest ecosystems. Then, we analyzed the processes of time-scale-dependent carbon sinks of forest ecosystems, discussed the time effects of forest carbon sinks, and suggested using “t-year” as the unit of carbon sink (taking 3-6 months as the minimum measurement time, i.e., the beginning of carbon sequestration). Third, we proposed the approaches to improve the carbon sink capacity of forest ecosystems. One way is to improve the carbon sink capacity (expanding forest area, improving forest quality, and increasing forest soil carbon storage) of forest ecosystems. Another approach is to maintain the carbon sink of forest ecosystems as long as possible, i.e., to reduce temporary carbon sink (definition: carbon in the forest ecosystems emit into the atmosphere for a certain period) and to increase persistent carbon sink (definition: carbon in the forest ecosystems no longer emit into the atmosphere for a certain period; according to the relevant provisions of the Paris Agreement, the upper time limit for carbon sink measurement can be considered to be the year 2100. In order to maintain the persistent carbon sink, strateges such as efficient use of wood products (replace steel, cement, plastic with wood), control of forest fires or other disturbances-induced emissions, and turning forest biomass into biochar should be taken. Finally, we proposed to develop climate-smart forestry driven by artificial intelligence (AI), which would provide new theoretical and technical support for improving the carbon sink of forest ecosystems and facilitating sustainable forest management. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Sources and distributions of microplastics and the hazards to plants, animals and human health:A review SUN Mengyao, GUO Jiayang, WANG Xinyi, CHANG Xiao Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (8): 2301-2312.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202408.028 Abstract （612）      PDF（pc） （1878KB）（565）       Knowledge map    Save The increases in plastic production and inadequate plastic waste management have significantly increased the presence of microplastics (MPs) in the environment. MPs refer to plastic fragments and particles with a size smaller than 5 millimeters. Numerous studies have focused on the impacts of MPs on the environment and living organisms, and explored the potential mechanisms. Humans and other organisms can ingest or carry MPs through various pathways, which have a range of adverse effects on metabolism, functionality, and health. Additionally, due to their larger surface area, MPs could adsorb various pollutants, including heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, severely affecting the health of animals and humans. Based on research on MPs in recent years, we reviewed the sources and distribution of MPs, examined exposure pathways, toxic effects, and toxicological mechanisms on plants, animals, and human bodies, and provided a prospective outlook on future directions for MP research. This review would be a reference for further assessments of the health risks of MPs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Responses of radial growth of different tree species to abrupt temperature change in the northern Greater Khingan Mountains, China QIU Yang, WANG Zhaopeng, ZHANG Dongyou, LI Xiangyou, LUO Taoran, WANG Xinrui, LI Linlin, ZHAO Yueru Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (11): 2933-2941.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202411.001 Abstract （542）      PDF（pc） （3409KB）（17）       Knowledge map    Save We constructed standardized chronologies of tree-ring width of Larix gmelinii and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, the main tree species in the Mangui region of the northern Greater Khingan Mountains based on dendrochronology methods, we explored the responses of radial growth of the two species to climate change. The results showed that the radial growth of L. gmelinii was mainly limited by temperature, which was significantly negatively related to mean temperature in October of the last year and that in March and May-August of the present year. The radial growth of P. sylvestris var. mongolica was promoted by both temperature and precipitation, which was significantly positively related to precipitation in May of the present year and temperature in October of the last year and May-September of the present year. We analyzed temperature data from 1960 to 2021 in the Mangui region using the Mann-Kendall test, and found that mean annual temperature of the region had a warming abrupt change in 1988. L. gmelinii radial growth showed a decreasing trend both before and after the abrupt temperature change, and the downward trend of its radial growth increased slightly after the abrupt change. Radial growth of P. sylvestris var. mongolica changed significantly, with a decreasing trend before the abrupt change and a significant increasing trend after the abrupt change. The response to temperature was enhanced after the abrupt change, with a remarkable positive relationship with the monthly average minimum temperature in May of the present year. The analysis of sliding relationship showed that the sensitivity of L. gmelinii radial growth to climatic factors changed first to increase and then to weaken, and that of P. sylvestris var. mongolica radial growth gradually increased. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research advance in the effects of litter input on forest soil organic carbon transformation and stability GUO Xiaowei, ZHANG Yuxue, YOU Yeming, SUN Jianxin Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (9): 2352-2361.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202409.033 Abstract （525）      PDF（pc） （968KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Save The turnover and stabilization of soil organic carbon are tightly associated with the properties of litter input. Due to the complexity of litter decomposition and the high heterogeneity of forest soils, there are considerable uncertainties about how soil minerals, microorganisms, and environmental factors jointly regulate the transformation and stability of litter-derived soil organic carbon. Here, we present an overview of the “microbial efficiency-matrix stabilization” framework centered on microbial metabolism and organic carbon transformation, as well as the new “microbial carbon pump” and “mineral carbon pump” theories in forest soil organic carbon transformation and stabilization. We specifically highlighted a differential mechanism of “organo-organic interfaces” from the “organo-mineral interfaces” in the effects on soil organic carbon accumulation. We further expounded the transformation processes and stability of soil organic carbon based on the “carbon material cycling” and “energy fluxes”, aiming to provide theoretical support for the research on carbon sequestration in forest soils. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Current status and research prospects of terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink in Northeast China WANG Xugao, LYU Xiaotao, XI Fengming, LIU Zhihua, LIANG Yu, GAO Tian, SUN Tao, YU Dapao, WANG Chao, MA Qiang, LIANG Chao, ZHENG Tiantian, WANG Jiaoyue, YIN Yan, JIAO Kewei, LIU Bo, ZHU Jiaojun Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (9): 2322-2337.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202409.006 Abstract （470）      PDF（pc） （2326KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save Increasing the carbon sink capacity of terrestrial ecosystems is a primary strategy to mitigate climate change and achieve the “carbon neutrality” goal. Clarifying the status and future dynamics of carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystems in Northeast China is crucial for achieving “carbon neutrality” as this region is a core contributor to carbon sink in China's terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we systematically summarized current research on carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystems across Northeast China, including the measurements and spatial-temporal patterns of carbon sinks, driving mechanisms of carbon sinks, the assessments of carbon sink potential, and technologies for increasing carbon sequestration. There are substantial uncertainties in quantifying terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink in Northeast China due to differences in data sources and methods, especially for forest carbon sink measurements, ranging from 0.020 to 0.157 Pg C·a-1. Carbon sink function depends on carbon exchange processes across plant-soil-atmosphere interfaces. The key pathways to enhance carbon sequestration in Northeast China under different temporal and spatial scales remains unclear. Improving terrestrial ecosystem quality is the key and core of carbon sequestration and sink enhancement. However, there is an urgent need to develop a multi-ecosystem collaborative carbon sequestration and sink enhancement technology system for the “dual carbon” goal. Future research needs to develop an accurate carbon sink measurement system that integrates multi-source data and multi-scale technologies to accurately assess the function and potential of carbon sink in Northeast China, focus on the multi-scale driving mechanism of carbon sink functions, develop new technical systems for coordinated enhancement of carbon sink for the Northeast terrestrial ecosystems, and carry out demonstrations of carbon sink enhancement technologies. These efforts will provide the scientific and technological supports for achieving the “carbon neutrality” goal. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Potential distribution prediction of Pomacea canaliculata in China based on the Biomod2 FAN Yueyuan, GAO Huangjie, TAO Shaomin, YIN Chuanlin, YU Xiaoping Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (8): 2237-2246.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202408.024 Abstract （432）      PDF（pc） （2257KB）（41）       Knowledge map    Save Pomacea canaliculata is a globally significant invasive species that poses substantial threats to agricultural production, ecosystems, and human health in China. To evaluate its habitat suitability in China, we collected and collated 741 county-level occurrence points of P. canaliculata in China through database query, literature search and news reports, and obtained the five most important climatic factors by variance inflation factor and Pearson correlation coefficient from 19 bioclimatic factors. We investigated the potential suitable distribution areas of P. canaliculata under current and future climate scenarios using the Biomod2 ensemble model, and identified the primary environmental variables influencing their distributions. The results showed that under the current climate, the suitable habitat areas were concentrated in southern provinces or municipalities, such as Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, and Yunnan. Under different climate scenarios in the future, the suitable habitat area would show large-scale expansion in the southern provinces or municipalities, and spread to the northern region. The most two important environmental factors affecting the distribution of suitable habitat areas were precipitation of wettest month and mean temperature of wettest quarter. A combination model to predict the potential distribution of P. canaliculata under current and future climate conditions would help manage the risk of its invasion and spread, and provide a reference for relevant regions and departments to take active measures in advance to prevent the spread, monitor and mitigate its invasion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application and prospect of landscape ecology in territorial spatial planning LIU Miao, SHI Sixue, ZHANG Tingshuang, LI Dikang, YU Yang, ZHANG Zhibin Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (9): 2372-2381.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202409.038 Abstract （330）      PDF（pc） （1346KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save Territorial spatial planning could achieve the integration of various plans, resulting in a unified “multi-plan integration” map. Such planning emphasizes the efficient use of territorial spatial patterns and structures to ensure functional perfection, and serves as the spatial framework for building a modern socialist country, particularly in the areas of ecological security and ecological civilization. The past few decades have seen rapid advances in the development of landscape ecology in China. The core concept of “pattern-process-function” has gained significant progress and been widely applied in the initial phase of territorial spatial planning at various levels. We outlined the advancements in the territorial spatial planning system and the core research theories and technologies in landscape ecology. We discussed the progress and shortcomings of key theories and methods of landscape ecology in practical applications of territorial spatial planning, such as ecological security patterns, pattern and process, and scale effects. We proposed the future application of landscape ecology theories and technologies in territorial spatial planning, including overall ecological effects, scale effects, and regional ecological network optimization. Future developments in landscape ecology, especially research on the “human-place-ecology” coupling based on the latest Big Data and AI technology for sustainable development, will provide robust theoretical and methodological supports for the scientific formulation of territorial spatial planning in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Growth difference of planted Pinus koraiensis from different provenances in Maoer Mountain, China FAN Yingxin, JIA Weiwei, LI Fengri, LI Dandan, ZHANG Cong Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (7): 1735-1743.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202407.006 Abstract （303）      PDF（pc） （2450KB）（29）       Knowledge map    Save In order to analyze the growth pattern of tree height of planted Pinus koraiensis and screen the provenances with fastest growth, we grouped the provenances using the differences in tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and volume of timber of 234 individuals of planted P. koraiensis from 26 provenances in Maoershan Experimental Forest Farm. We constructed the growth equation for tree height by combining the base models of Gompertz, Korf, Richards, Logistic, and Schumacher, and then selected the optimal one. We introduced the prove-nance grouping as a dummy variable into the base model, and evaluated the optimal tree height growth equation by a comprehensive evaluation of the model according to the coefficient of determination (R2), the root-mean-square error (RMSE), the Akaikei Information Criterion (AIC), and the model's predictive precision (FP). The results showed that the growth traits of the 26 provenances had significant difference among the groups, and that tree height and DBH showed significant differences among the provenances. According to the comprehensive consideration of different growth traits, the four groups of provenance growth were divided into group A (Wuying, Hebei, Linjiang, Dongfanghong, Huanan, Lushuihe, Fangzheng) >group B (Aihuisanzhan, Liangshui, Tieli, Qinghe) > group C (Wuyiling, Zhanhe, Liangzihe, Baihe, Chaihe, Caohekou, Bajiazi) >group D (Tongzigou, Dashitou, Wangqing, Helong, Yanshou, Dahailin, Xiaobeihu, Muling). The optimal base tree height growth model of the four groups was the Gompertz model, and the fitting accuracy of the model after the introduction of dummy variables (R2=0.9353) was higher than that of the base model (R2=0.9303), and the model prediction accuracy was also improved. The tree height growth curves of each provenance group conformed to the “S”-shaped rule of change. There were obvious differences among the groups, with the best performance of the provenances in group A. The growth of P. koraiensis from different provenances was different, and the tree height growth model with dummy variables of provenance groups could effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the model, reflect the differences in height growth of P. koraiensis of different provenances, which could provide the scientific basis for the selection and cultivation of P. koraiensis plantations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Recent research progress of soil nematode ecology in China LIANG Siwei, LIU Xiaotong, LI Yingbin, LIANG Wenju Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (8): 2282-2290.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202408.031 Abstract （303）      PDF（pc） （743KB）（80）       Knowledge map    Save Soil nematodes are a crucial component of belowground ecosystems. Soil nematode ecology, the studies of community distribution, structural composition, ecological functions, and interaction mechanisms with environment, has always been a hot spot in soil biology research. We systematically elaborated soil nematodes’ high diversity and various diet, their advantages as bioindicator and model organisms, and their roles in biological control, ecological functions and soil health. Then, we reviewed the research progress of soil nematode ecology in China, including molecular biology identification methods, responses to global changes, food web structure and function, aboveground and belowground diversity relationship, and large-scale diversity pattern. We put forward the development trend of soil nematology, focusing on the high-throughput sequencing technology in nematode identification and quantification, the necessity of establishing a universal analysis platform to promote soil nematode research, and the importance of strengthening large-scale soil nematode survey. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on the influencing factors and response mechanisms of plant adsorption of atmospheric particulate matter A Yun, ZHANG Jinqing, ZHANG Haijuan, DONG Ruizhen Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (7): 2013-2024.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202407.028 Abstract （284）      PDF（pc） （3301KB）（28）       Knowledge map    Save Plants could effectively adsorb and remove particulate matter from the air, while could be suffered from the adverse effects. Therefore, exploring the interaction between plants and atmospheric particulate matter is crucial for profound understanding of ecological balance, microenvironmental climate, and environmental quality improvement. Few systematic literature have elaborated the adsorption and response mechanisms of atmospheric particulate matter by plants. We summarized the causes and composition of atmospheric particulate matter, as well as the adsorption methods and factors of plants on atmospheric particulate matter. Moreover, we elaborated the impact of atmospheric particulate matter stress on phenotypic and physiological characteristics, as well as molecular mechanisms. For the future researches, we proposed 1) to select plant species with strong adaptability and high dust retention capacity. Subsequently, there should be a universal green dust retention plan on account of comprehensive factors such as plant community structure, street morphology, and planting space; 2) to extend the research from urban areas to agricultural and pastoral areas, with a systematic analysis of the comprehensive dust retention capacity of communities with different plant configuration; 3) to effectively combine the dust retention capacity of plants with their own resistance. Subsequently, we should explore the physiological and molecular mechanisms of plants responding to atmospheric particulate matter stress and establish a comprehensive evaluation system and criteria; 4) to develop in situ labeling detection technology, which would be a valuable tool for accurately tracing and quanti-fying the dynamics of atmospheric particulate matter within plant at the cellular level. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review on research methods of the surface urban heat island effect based on CNKI bibliometrics CHEN Cen, LIANG Dezhuang, YANG Jun, HAN Dongrui, QIAO Zhi Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2025, 36 (3): 647-658.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.029 Abstract （281）      PDF（pc） （2836KB）（6）       Knowledge map    Save The urban heat island (UHI) effect is an increasingly prominent local climate issue in the process of global urbanization, significantly impacting human settlement health and energy consumption. Based on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, we searched and analyzed Chinese journal articles on the surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect published during 1980 and 2024. Using CiteSpace software, we conducted a visual analysis of publication trends and keywords to systematically summarize the research advances. We reviewed and discussed the research hotspots, including data sources, identification methods, and evaluation indicators related to the surface urban heat island effect. We also proposed the shortages and challenges in current research, such as identification accuracy, mechanism analysis, and impact assessment. More works should be strengthened in future research, including optimizing multi-source data integration with cross-validation, innovating multi-scale dynamic evaluation methods, and enriching multi-dimension impact assessment systems. By reviewing the development process of surface urban heat island effect research in China, we hoped to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for future research, contributing to the deepening and practical application of the research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research advance on soil organic carbon stabilization mechanisms during vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau, Northwest China AN Shaoshan, HU Yang, WANG Baorong Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (9): 2413-2422.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202409.013 Abstract （275）      PDF（pc） （1371KB）（37）       Knowledge map    Save The Loess Plateau is renowned for its deep soil layer and rich in organic carbon (C). In recent years, numerous ecological restoration projects have been undertaken on the Loess Plateau, with consequence on the stability of soil organic carbon (SOC). The SOC stability is pivotal for its capacity to sequestrate and store C. However, comprehensive review on the characteristics of SOC stability and its mechanisms during vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau is scarce. Therefore, we summarized the dynamics of SOC stability during vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau, discussed the mechanisms of SOC stabilization, including mineral protection, physical protection, and biological mechanisms. Furthermore, we prospected the future development directions and research focus of SOC stability research during vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau to provide scientific support for theory and technology of soil C sequestration and stabilization during vegetation restoration, and to provide scientific reference for achieving the “double-carbon” goals. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Global vegetation response to extreme climate from 2001 to 2020 JIAO Penghua, NIU Jianzhi, MIAO Yubo, LI Junyi, WANG Di Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (11): 2992-3004.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202410.022 Abstract （269）      PDF（pc） （5998KB）（72）       Knowledge map    Save Exploring the spatiotemporal variations and response characteristics of global vegetation and extreme climate is of great significance for addressing global climate change and improving ecosystem stability. Based on ERA5 climate data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, we used Sen’s trend analysis, correlation analysis, and random forest regression model to explore the responses of NDVI of five vegetation types (boreal and temperate forest, tropical forest, other woody vegetation, grassland, and cropland) to 23 extreme climate indices from 2001 to 2020. The results showed that global NDVI showed an overall increasing trend from 2001 to 2020. The areas with the most significant growth trend was boreal and temperate forest, and the least significant growth trend occurred in cropland. In terms of extreme climate index, except for a few extreme high temperature and low temperature indices, the other indices showed an increasing trend. Across different vegetation areas, the extreme climate index that had the greatest influence on NDVI was different. The results of correlation analysis showed that the indices with the greatest impact on NDVI in the boreal and temperate forest, tropical forest, other woody vegetation, grassland, and cropland were cold days, ice days, annual total precipitation, annual total precipitation, and annual total precipitation, respectively. The results of random forest analysis showed that the indices with the greatest impact on NDVI in each vegetation zone were cold days, warm night days, frost days, warm days, and the cold spell duration index, respectively. The reason for the different results between the two methods was that correlation analysis only reflected linear relationships between variables, while the random forest regression model could capture more complex nonlinear relationships. Our results showed that the response of global vegetation to extreme climate had significant regional differences and complexities, which may result from interactions between different climate factors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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History, challenges, and prospects of researches on fish functional diversity KANG Bin Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (9): 2338-2351.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202409.030 Abstract （267）      PDF（pc） （1278KB）（22）       Knowledge map    Save To complete the life cycle, species exhibit corresponding functional traits in morphology, physiology, ecology, etc. The eigenvalues, variation, and distribution of functional traits are the functional components of biodiversity, namely functional diversity, could maintain the service function and healthy operation of ecosystems. The application of functional diversity broadens our understanding of biodiversity and its temporal and spatial variations, and provides a breakthrough to the problem of how to combine morphological structure with ecological function. I reviewed the research process of functional diversity from the perspective of proposing, calculating, and applying the parameters of functional diversity, as well as the application of functional diversity from different purposes and perspectives. I put forward the challenges and countermeasures of related studies. In the future, researches should pay attention to establish a set of effective trait indicators, discover the internal and external mechanisms driving functional diversity variations, and map the redistribution of traits under environmental changes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application of species distribution models in predicting the distribution of marine macrobenthos CONG Jiayi, LI Xinzheng, XU Yong Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (9): 2392-2400.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202409.029 Abstract （265）      PDF（pc） （541KB）（26）       Knowledge map    Save Species distribution models (SDMs) are valuable tools in predicting species distribution ranges and the suitable habitats, which are based on environmental conditions and species distribution data. These models encompass correlative models, mechanistic models, and mechanistic-correlative models. In the field of marine science, SDMs have been extensively used for predicting the spatial distribution patterns of various marine organisms including fish, mammals, algae, et al. However, the application of SDMs in predicting the distribution of macrobenthos remains scarce. Understanding the distribution of macrobenthos, the integral components of marine ecosystems, has significant implications for ecological conservation and resource management. We reviewed common methodologies employed in SDMs and presented case studies using different models to predict the distribution patterns of marine macrobenthos. Further, we emphasized the use of correlative and mechanistic models to analyze the impact of climate change on the spatial distribution of marine macrobenthos. Finally, we discussed the challenges and prospects associated with SDMs. With the advances in remote sensing technology and modeling techniques, SDMs are becoming increasingly pivotal in marine ecological research, which could offer a robust scientific foundation for addressing climate change and preserving marine biodiversity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Radial growth responses of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica with different stand ages and diameter classes to drought events. SUN Haokang, HAN Jiaxuan, JIA Jianheng, ZHANG Zihang, FU Lihua, ZHANG Yan, GUO Mingming Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (11): 2942-2950.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202411.004 Abstract （263）      PDF（pc） （2082KB）（54）       Knowledge map    Save We explored the differences in the impacts of drought events on Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica of different ages (30 and 40 years) and different diameter classes (large 20-24.9 cm, medium 15-19.9 cm, small 10-14.9 cm) in the Saihanba Nature Reserve. Based on the tree ring width index (RWI), we analyzed the correlation between radial growth and climatic factors and their ecological resilience to drought events. The results showed that the RWI of 30-year-old small-diameter trees was significantly positively correlated with standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) from September to December of the previous year and February of the current year. RWI of 30-year-old large-diameter and medium-diameter trees was correlated with SPEI from September of the previous year to June of the current year, but the correlation was statistically non-significant. The RWI of 40-year-old large-diameter trees was significantly negatively correlated with the maximum mean temperature in October of the previous year and June of the current year, as well as the mean temperature in June of the current year. The RWI of 40-year-old medium-diameter trees was significantly negatively correlated with the maximum mean temperature and mean temperature in October of the previous year and significantly positively correlated with SPEI in July of the current year. The RWI of 40-year-old small-diameter trees was significantly positively correlated with SPEI from September of the previous year to June of the current year. The resistance of radial growth of trees with different ages to four drought events (40 years old significantly higher than 30 years old) and the resilience exhibited a significant downward trend, while the recovery showed a significant upward trend (40 years old significantly lower than 30 years old). Within the same age group, the responses of P. sylvestris var. mongolica with different diameter classes to drought events were different. The resistance and resilience of large and medium diameter classes of 40-year-old trees were significantly higher than those of small diameter class trees, but their recovery showed no significant difference. For 30-year-old trees, there were no significant differences in resistance, recovery, or resilience among different diameter classes. P. sylvestris var. mongolica of different ages and diameter classes experienced varying degrees of drought stress, resulting in a significant decrease in resilience. The 40-year-old trees exhibited high resistance, while the 30-year-old trees showed high recovery capability. Small diameter class trees were most severely affected by drought stress. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on physiological processes-based tree-ring width models of Vaganov-Shashkin (VS)and VS-Lite YAN Huiyue, ZENG Xiaomin, XUE Yu, LIU Xiaohong Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (8): 2256-2266.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202408.005 Abstract （256）      PDF（pc） （3766KB）（36）       Knowledge map    Save The Vaganov-Shashkin (VS) and VS-Lite models are the most widely used physiological processes-based models of tree-ring width. Both models can reveal the intrinsic response mechanism between tree-ring width and external climate factors. The VS model is commonly applied in climate reconstruction, wood phenology prediction, and the simulation of cambial activity, while the VS-Lite model is primarily applied in forecasting growth trends of forest. We collected papers related to the VS and VS-Lite models published between 2005 and 2023, and reviewed the fundamental principles, parameter settings, and historical development of both models, as well as the their applications in research areas of dendroclimatology, xylem phenology, and forest ecology. Then, we summarized the current issues with the models and proposed future research directions. To increase confidence in the simulation results, it is essential to optimize the parameter adjustment method of the models, consider the impact of multiple environmental factors on the physiological processes of trees, and strengthen the comparative study of the VS and VS-Lite model with other vegetation ecological models. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Process and mechanism of termite impact on soil and plant JIANG Chuan, ZENG Xiaoling, JIN Yanqiang, FENG Defeng, LIN Fangmei, CHEN Yuanyang, TANG Jianwei, LIU Chenggang Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (9): 2401-2412.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202409.028 Abstract （255）      PDF（pc） （1092KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save Termites, as a kind of nesting social insects, are often confused as worldwide “pests” because some of their groups have great destructive effects. The vast majority of termites can regulate ecosystem functions and ser-vices by participating in biogeochemical cycles, known as “ecosystem engineers”. We reviewed studies on the effects of termites on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of mound soil ecosystems and the composition and diversity of plant communities. Termites could form unique soil “biogenic aggregates” and “resource heterogeneity patches”, which affect microbial community structure, extracellular enzyme activity, physicochemical property and greenhouse gas emission, thereby affecting plant growth, community composition and structure, and vegetation productivity. However, this effect significantly differed among termite groups and functional groups, and was dependent on regional soil environment and microclimate conditions. Meanwhile, termite-mound could effectively improve ecosystem adaptation or resistance to environmental stress through the above process. Future research should focus on the following directions: 1) studying the trophic cascading effect of termite-centered soil multilevel biological network and the potential effect on biogeochemical cycle from microscale (aggregate level) to macroscale (landscape level); 2) exploring the potential of termite mound soil as a fertility amendment in tropical regions, and mining beneficial microbial functional genes to develop related products for termite control. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research advances in plant genome size in relation to functional traits and environmental adaptation. XU Yinlong, YANG Siqi, YE Jiaqi, MO Yu, WU Shuai, ZHAO Yu, ZHANG Jing, BAO Yajing Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (11): 3217-3224.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202411.011 Abstract （253）      PDF（pc） （1649KB）（25）       Knowledge map    Save Plant genome size, the sum of the DNA content of a complete set of haplo groups within a given plant species, is an important aspect of biological characterization. There is abundant genome size diversity in eukaryotes. Plant genome size is closely associated with a range of functional traits from the nucleus to individual level, exerts a vital role in shaping plant functional traits, and helps plants present different response strategies to environmental variables. We viewed the relationship between plant genome size and functional traits, such as cell size, stomatal size and density, photosynthetic functional traits, cell cycle, and seed mass. Their response and adaptation mechanisms to environmental variables, such as temperature, precipitation, altitude, nutrients, and heavy metal pollution, were discussed. Finally, the combination of genome size with functional traits and environmental adaptations was encouraged to deeply explore the response and adaptation mechanisms of plants to environmental changes in the context of global change. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of pH on the growth and competition of Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium spp BAO Wenjie, SHEN Lingjie, XIA Shangwen, YANG Xiaodong Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2024, 35 (9): 2535-2542.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202409.032 Abstract （238）      PDF（pc） （2523KB）（18）       Knowledge map    Save Collar rot caused by Fusarium spp. is a serious threat to the production of Passiflora edulis. However, biocontrol methods are lacking. Trichoderma spp., as the most widely applied biocontrol fungus, can be effective in managing crop diseases. The effectiveness is significantly influenced by environmental factors, such as soil pH. To screen potential biocontrol strains against collar rot of P. edulis, and to explore the effect of pH on the inhibition rate of Trichoderma spp., we selected four Trichoderma species and four Fusarium species isolated from P. edulis planting area in Xishuangbanna. The growth dynamics of different strains under different pH conditions were determined using the mycelial growth rate method. The effect of pH on the growth inhibition of Fusarium spp. by Trichoderma spp. was investigated using the plate confrontation assay. The results showed that the optimal growth pH range was 4-6 for Trichoderma spp. and 7-9 for Fusarium spp. All four Trichoderma strains exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the growth of the four Fusarium strains. T. harzianum showed the most notable inhibition, reaching up to a 72% inhibitory rate. Moreover, pH significantly influenced the inhibitory effect of Trichoderma spp., with variations observed depending on the specific species of Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium spp. Therefore, it is essential to consider the environmental pH impact on the efficacy of biocontrol agents when applying biological control measures in the field, tailored to the specific pathogen and biocontrol agent involved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）