利用人工湿地去除农业径流中农药的研究进展

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201903.033

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人工湿地对农业径流污染物去除效果显著,已成为控制农业径流污染的有效措施.本文结合国内外研究,介绍了当前水体农药污染的现状;从物理、化学及生物角度阐述了人工湿地对农药的去除机理和关键过程;归纳总结了人工湿地对农药的去除效率,指出人工湿地对农药的去除效率随农药类型的不同而差异较大:农药的平均去除率,按农药用途分为杀虫剂＞杀菌剂＞除草剂,按农药化学结构分为拟除虫菊酯类>有机磷类>三唑类＞酰胺类＞三嗪类＞脲类;综合考虑,潜流人工湿地在农药去除方面的效果优于表面流人工湿地.在此基础上分析了农药理化性质、人工湿地工艺类型及运行参数、进水中农药浓度、湿地植物等因素对农药在人工湿地中去除的影响.最后指出了当前研究中存在的问题,并提出了研究展望.

关键词: 人工湿地, 农药, 影响因素, 农业径流, 去除途径, 去除效率

Abstract: Constructed wetlands (CWs) performs excellently in removing pollutants from agricultural runoff, and thus have been widely used as an effective measure to control agricultural runoff pollution. Based on reviews on domestic and overseas literature, we introduced the current situation of water bodies polluted by pesticides. The removal mechanisms of pesticides by CWs were elucidated according to physical, chemical and biological processes, and the main processes were discussed in detail. The removal efficiency of pesticides in CWs vary greatly with pesticide types. Based on their uses, the average removal efficiency of pesticides are in the order of insecticides > fungicides > herbicides. According to their chemical constitution, they follow the order of pyrethroid > organopho-sphorus > triazole > amide > triazine > ureas. Considering comprehensively, subsurface flow CWs perform better than surface flow CWs in removing pesticides. Furthermore, the effects of the physicochemical properties of pesticides, the types and operating parameters of CWs, pesticides concentration in influent, as well as vegetation on the removal of pesticides in CWs were also analyzed. Finally, problems in the current research and the future application of CWs in treating pesticides were discussed.

Key words: agricultural runoff, removal mechanism, pesticide, removal efficiency, influencing factor, constructed wetland

张希丽, 于政达, 王森, 李悦, 孔范龙. 利用人工湿地去除农业径流中农药的研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(3): 1025-1034.

ZHANG Xi-li, YU Zheng-da, WANG Sen, LI Yue, KONG Fan-long. Research advances in using constructed wetlands to remove pesticides in agricultural runoff[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(3): 1025-1034.

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