基于生态系统服务供需关系及空间流动的新疆生态管理分区与优化策略

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202308.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生态管理分区是进行国土空间优化的重要依据,对维护区域生态安全、促进生态文明建设具有重要意义。本研究以新疆为研究区,选取防风固沙、水源涵养、林草供给等10种生态系统服务类型构建供给指标体系,综合运用模型法和价值法量化生态系统服务供给,并结合土地利用强度、人口和经济状况定量评估2020年新疆生态系统服务需求;利用生态系统服务供需比模型和象限匹配法,探究1 km网格尺度下生态系统服务供需匹配关系和空间分异;引入断裂点公式和场强公式评估生态系统服务流动范围与强度,进而划分生态管理分区并提出相应管控措施。结果表明: 2020年,新疆生态系统服务供需均存在明显的空间分异,供给高值区主要分布在河谷地带和水系沿岸,需求则向绿洲中心城市集中;生态系统服务整体供给量小于需求量,空间分布以低供给-低需求区和高供给-高需求区为主;新疆生态系统服务输出区有7个,分别为富蕴县、福海县、伊州区、鄯善县、阿拉山口市、柯坪县和策勒县,其余地区为输入区;综合分析将新疆分为山地生态屏障区、绿洲生态修复区、荒漠生态改良区、荒漠-绿洲生态防护区和斑块生态输送区5个生态管理区。

关键词: 生态管理分区, 供需关系, 生态系统服务流, 时空格局

Abstract: As an important basis for the optimization of territorial space, ecological management zoning is of great significance for maintaining regional ecological security and promoting the construction of ecological civilization. With 10 ecosystem services, such as wind break and sand fixation, water conservation, and forest and grass supply, we built a supply index system for Xinjiang. Modelling and ecological economics methods were used to quantify ecosystem service supply. Ecosystem service demand of Xinjiang in 2020 was quantitatively assessed by combining land use intensity, population, and economic status. Based on the ecosystem service supply-demand ratio model and quadrant matching method, we explored the matching relationship and spatial differentiation of ecosystem ser-vice supply and demands on the 1 km grid scale. The breaking point formula and field intensity formula were used to evaluate the flow range and intensity of ecosystem services, and then ecological management zones were divided and corresponding control measures were proposed. The results showed obvious spatial differences in the supply and demand of ecosystem services in Xinjiang in 2020. The high-supply areas were mainly distributed in river valleys and along river systems, while the demand was concentrated in oasis-central cities. The overall supply of ecosystem services was less than the demand. The spatial distribution was dominated by low supply-low demand areas and high supply-high demand areas. There were seven output zones of ecosystem services in Xinjiang, namely Fuyun County, Fuhai County, Yizhou District, Shanshan County, Alashankou City, Keping County and Qira County. The rests were input zones. According to the comprehensive analysis, Xinjiang could be divided into five ecological management areas, i.e., mountain ecological barrier area, oasis ecological restoration area, desert ecological improvement area, desert-oasis ecological protection area, and patch ecological transport area.

Key words: ecological management zone, supply and demand relationship, ecosystem service flow, spatio-temporal pattern.

熊昕莹, 孟梅. 基于生态系统服务供需关系及空间流动的新疆生态管理分区与优化策略[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(8): 2237-2248.

XIONG Xinying, MENG Mei. Regionalization and optimization strategy of ecological management in Xinjiang, China based on supply-demand relationship and spatial flow of ecosystem services[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(8): 2237-2248.

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