利用合成菌群促进作物健康: 进展与展望

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202403.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作物健康直接影响作物产量及粮食安全。目前农业生产主要依赖化肥和农药等农用化学品提升作物健康水平,但长期过度使用会破坏农田生态环境,增加农产品安全风险,亟需创制高效且环境友好的绿色投入品。作为植物的第二基因组,根际微生物组与作物健康密切相关,明确核心功能微生物、微生物-微生物以及植物-微生物的相互关系是深入挖掘有益微生物潜力、保证和维持作物健康的核心内容。然而,由于自然环境的异质性和复杂性,激发土著微生物发挥功能仍存在一定限制。合成菌群是人为地将两种或多种具有不同分类和遗传特征及功能特性的微生物进行组合,因菌群兼具多样性及稳定性的优势,已被广泛地应用于人体健康、环境治理和工业生产等领域,在促进作物健康方面也具备巨大潜力。本文阐释了合成菌群的概念及研究现状,解析了菌群构建原则及方法,并从植物-微生物互作机制、促进植物生长发育和提高抗胁迫能力等方面总结了合成菌群促进作物健康的研究进展,并对未来研究进行展望,以期为利用合成菌群提升作物健康水平提供指导。

关键词: 合成菌群, 作物健康, 微生物生态, 合成生物学, 生物肥料

Abstract: Crop health directly affects yields and food security. At present, agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides are mainly used in agricultural production to promote crop health. However, long-term excessive utilization of agrochemicals will damage the ecological environment of farmlands and increase the safety risk of agricultural products. It is urgent to explore efficient and environment-friendly agricultural products. Rhizosphere microbiome are considered as the second genome of plants, which are closely related to crop health. Understanding the key functional microbes, microbe-microbe interactions, and plant-microbe interactions are fundamental for exploring the potential of beneficial microbes in promoting crop health. However, due to the heterogeneity and complexity of the natural environment, stimulating the function of indigenous microorganisms remains uncertain. Synthetic microbial community (SynCom) is an artificial combination of two or more different strain isolates of microorganisms, with different taxonomic, genetic, or functional characteristic. Because of the advantages of maintaining species diversity and community stability, SynCom has been widely applied in the fields of human health, environmental governance and industrial production, and may also have great potential in promoting crop health. We summarized the concept and research status of SynCom, expounded the principles and methods of constructing SynCom, and analyzed the research on the promotion of crop health by exploring the mechanism of plant-microbe interactions, promoting plant growth and development, and improving stress resistance. Finally, we envisaged the future prospects to guide the using SynCom to improve crop health.

Key words: synthetic microbial community, crop health, microbial ecology, synthetic biology, biofertilizer

翁凌胤, 栾冬冬, 周大朴, 郭庆港, 王光州, 张俊伶. 利用合成菌群促进作物健康: 进展与展望[J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(3): 847-857.

WENG Lingyin, LUAN Dongdong, ZHOU Dapu, GUO Qinggang, WANG Guangzhou, ZHANG Junling. Improving crop health by synthetic microbial communities: Progress and prospects[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(3): 847-857.

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