2022年秦皇岛近岸海域赤潮成因初探

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202403.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究2022年秦皇岛近岸海域赤潮过程的成因,于2022年4—9月进行了水质和赤潮生物调查,利用因子分析和典范对应分析等方法分析了主要环境因子与赤潮生物之间的关系。结果表明: 2022年秦皇岛近岸海域共发生8次赤潮,累计赤潮面积716.1 km²,根据赤潮藻种差异和暴发时间的不同,可分为夜光藻赤潮、硅藻-裸藻(中肋骨条藻、运动异双鞭藻、伪菱形藻属)赤潮和甲藻(锥状斯克里普藻和叉状角藻)赤潮3种主要的赤潮过程。因子分析结果表明,季节因子的主要作用时间为7—9月,氮磷营养盐因子的主要作用时间为4月和7月。典范对应分析表明,夜光藻喜低温,其赤潮发生时往往伴随有较高浓度的铵氮和活性磷酸盐;中肋骨条藻、运动异双鞭藻和伪菱形藻属对各类环境因子具有广泛的耐受性,但更喜高温和富氮海水;叉状角藻和锥状斯克里普藻在寡磷环境下生存竞争力更强。综合两种方法的结果认为,3种赤潮过程的成因各不相同:充足的饵料藻及适宜的水温是引发和维持夜光藻赤潮的重要因素;适宜的温盐条件和富营养化环境是形成硅藻-裸藻赤潮的主要原因;丰富的营养物质和海水扰动促进了锥状斯克里普藻孢囊的萌发并引发赤潮;而磷限制是锥状斯克里普藻赤潮向叉状角藻赤潮转变并使之得以维持的主要原因。

关键词: 秦皇岛, 赤潮, 因子分析, 典范对应分析, 磷限制

Abstract: To explore the causes of red tides in Qinhuangdao coastal water, we conducted surveys on both water quality and red tides during April to September of 2022 and analyzed the relationships between main environmental factors and red tide organisms through the factor analysis and canonical correspondence analysis. The results showed that there were eight red tides along the coast of Qinhuangdao in 2022, with a cumulative blooming area of 716.1 km². The red tides could be divided into three kinds based on the major blooming organisms and occurrence time, Noctiluca scintillans bloom, diatom-euglena (Skeletonema costatum, Eutreptiella gymnastica, Pseudo-nitzschia spp.) bloom, and dinoflagellate (Scrippsiella trochoidea and Ceratium furca) bloom. Seasonal factor played roles mainly during July to September, while inorganic nutrients including nitrogen and phosphorus influenced the blooms mainly in April and July. The canonical correspondence analysis suggested that N. scintillans preferred low temperature, and often bloomed with high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and dissolved inorganic phosphorus. S. costatum, E. gymnastica, and Pseudo-nitzschia spp. could tolerate broad ranges of various environmental factors, but favored high temperature and nitrogen-rich seawater. C. furca and S. trochoidea had higher survival rate and competitiveness in phosphate-poor waters. Combined the results from both analyses, we concluded that the causes for the three kinds of red tide processes in Qinhuangdao coastal areas in 2022 were different. Adequate diet algae and appropriate water temperature were important factors triggering and maintaining the N. scintillans bloom. Suitable temperature, salinity and eutrophication were the main reasons for the diatom-euglena bloom. The abundant nutrients and seawater disturbance promoted the germination of S. trochoidea cysts, while phosphorus limitation caused the blooming organism switched to C. furca and maintained the bloom hereafter.

Key words: Qinhuangdao, red tide, factor analysis, canonical correspondence analysis, phosphorus limitation

徐金涛, 姚远, 杨雯, 王众, 李欣阳, 谭法启, 李微微, 马继成, 马新. 2022年秦皇岛近岸海域赤潮成因初探[J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(3): 817-826.

XU Jintao, YAO Yuan, YANG Wen, WANG Zhong, LI Xinyang, TAN Faqi, LI Weiwei, MA Jicheng, MA Xin. Preliminary investigation on the causes of red tides in Qinhuangdao coastal areas in 2022[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(3): 817-826.

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