亚热带米槠天然林土壤性质和真菌群落对降雨减少的响应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202505.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水分是森林土壤环境的重要因子之一,其变化影响着土壤真菌群落组成及土壤生态系统功能。本研究以福建三明格氏栲自然保护区内的米槠天然林为研究对象,设置隔离30%降雨、隔离60%降雨和自然长期样地(对照),在隔离降雨后第6年对表层土壤(0～10 cm)取样,应用18S rRNA基因-高通量测序技术对土壤性质和真菌群落结构与多样性进行分析,探究土壤真菌群落对降雨减少的响应。结果表明:与对照相比,隔离60%降雨处理下土壤含水量和铵态氮含量分别显著降低16.4%和29.5%,而土壤总有机碳、可溶性有机碳、微生物生物量碳、可溶性有机氮、硝态氮含量和pH均未发生显著变化;隔离30%降雨处理的土壤可溶性有机氮含量显著降低13.8%,其他土壤理化指标未发生显著变化。各处理土壤担子菌门和子囊菌门相对丰度均占真菌群落的40%以上,是土壤中的优势真菌群落。土壤真菌群落ACE指数在隔离60%降雨处理下较对照显著降低,其他多样性指数在3个处理间差异均不显著,说明土壤真菌群落结构较为稳定。Mantel检验表明,子囊菌门和未分类的真菌门(norank_k_Fungi、unclassified_k_Fungi)与土壤含水量呈显著正相关,土壤含水量可能是驱动土壤真菌群落变化的关键因子。本研究可为深入理解气候变化下森林土壤生态系统功能的维持提供科学依据。

关键词: 降雨减少, 亚热带米槠天然林, 土壤真菌群落, 高通量测序

Abstract: Water is one of the important factors in forest soil environment, the changes of which affect the composition of soil fungal communities and soil ecosystem functions. Taking the natural forest of Castanopsis pilosula in Sanming, Fujian Province as the research object, we set up treatments with 30% or 60% rainfall exclusion, and natural control. We collected surface soil samples (0-10 cm) after 6-yr rainfall exclusion to analyze soil properties and fungal community structure and diversity by 18S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that soil water content and ammonium nitrogen content was significantly decreased by 16.4% and 29.5% respectively under the 60% rainfall exclusion treatment, while the total organic carbon, soluble organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, soluble organic nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen content, and pH of the soil did not change. Soil soluble organic nitrogen content under the 30% rainfall exclusion significantly decreased by 13.8%, while other soil physical and chemical indicators changed little. The relative abundance of Basidiomycota and Ascomycota accounted for over 40% of the fungal community under all treatments, which were the dominant fungal group. The ACE index of soil fungal communities significantly decreased under the 60% rainfall exclusion treatment, while other diversity indices showed no significant differences among the three treatments, indicating that the structure of soil fungal communities was relatively stable. Results of Mantel test showed that the phyla Ascomycota and unclassified fungi (norank_k_Fungi, unclassified_k_Fungi) were significantly positively correlated with soil water content, which might be a key factor driving the changes in soil fungal communities. Our results provide scientific basis for a deeper understanding of the maintenance of forest soil ecosystem functions under climate change.

Key words: decrease of rainfall, subtropical natural Castanopsis carlesii forest, soil fungal community, high-throughput sequencing technology

查满丽, 李帅军, 王翠娟, 林伟盛, 刘小飞, 钟羡芳, 郭剑芬. 亚热带米槠天然林土壤性质和真菌群落对降雨减少的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(5): 1380-1386.

ZHA Manli, LI Shuaijun, WANG Cuijuan, LIN Weisheng, LIU Xiaofei, ZHONG Xianfang, GUO Jianfen. Response of soil properties and fungi community to rainfall reduction in a subtropical natural Castanopsis carlesii forest[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(5): 1380-1386.

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