三疣梭子蟹放流对青岛近海生态系统的影响及增殖生态容量评估

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202509.037

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 2604-2614.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202509.037

• 海洋牧场与海洋环境专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

三疣梭子蟹放流对青岛近海生态系统的影响及增殖生态容量评估

付丹阳¹, 徐茂真¹, 史文凯², 张崇良^1,3,4*, 任一平^1,3,4

¹中国海洋大学水产学院, 山东青岛 266003;
²烟台市海洋经济研究院, 山东烟台 264003;
³青岛海洋科技中心, 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东青岛 266237;
⁴海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站, 山东青岛 266003

收稿日期:2025-04-14 接受日期:2025-07-22 出版日期:2025-09-18 发布日期:2026-04-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: zhangclg@ouc.edu.cn
作者简介:付丹阳,女,2001年生,硕士研究生。主要从事渔业资源增殖放流评估研究。E-mail:fdy111226@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901205)

Ecosystem impacts and carrying capacity assessment of stock enhancement of Portunus trituberculatus in the coastal waters of Qingdao, China

FU Danyang¹, XU Maozhen¹, SHI Wenkai², ZHANG Chongliang^1,3,4*, REN Yiping^1,3,4

¹College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China;
²Yantai Marine Economy Research Institute, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China;
³Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China;
⁴Field Observation and Research Station of Haizhou Bay Fishery Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China

Received:2025-04-14 Accepted:2025-07-22 Online:2025-09-18 Published:2026-04-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来,受人类活动影响,近海渔业资源衰退,水域生态系统的结构和功能受到威胁。增殖放流是养护渔业资源的重要手段,可以有效增殖渔业资源和改善种群结构,并对生态系统的结构和能流产生重要影响。深入理解增殖放流的生态效应,评估放流物种的增殖生态容量,是科学开展增殖放流活动的基础。本研究根据青岛近海 2019—2020 年的渔业资源和生态环境调查数据,构建了该海域的Ecopath 模型,分析了当前生态系统的营养结构和系统特征,估算了三疣梭子蟹在青岛近海的增殖生态容量,并评估了其放流对生态系统的影响。结果表明: 青岛近海生态系统的系统连接指数为0.458,系统杂食性指数为0.225,总初级生产量与总呼吸量比为2.63,总转化效率为8.5%,生态系统总体上处于不稳定状态。根据模型估算,青岛近海三疣梭子蟹的理论增殖生态容量为0.907 t·km^-2,是现存生物量的33.6倍,表明三疣梭子蟹在该海域有较大增殖空间。三疣梭子蟹放流对青岛近海生态系统总体稳定性和成熟度的影响不显著,但对于特定营养级的能流特征有重要影响,当三疣梭子蟹生物量达到增殖生态容量时,第三、四营养级的输出量分别增加了3.22和1.86倍。

关键词: Ecopath, 三疣梭子蟹, 增殖放流, 生态承载力, 增殖容量

Abstract: Due to the impacts of human activities, coastal fishery resources have declined in recent years, and the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems have been threatened. Stock enhancement has been proved to be an important way for the conservation of fishery resources, which could effectively restore fishery resources and improve fish population structure. However, it may exert significant impacts on the structure and energy flow of ecosystems. It is therefore crucial to take a comprehensive understanding of the ecological effects of stock enhancement and to accurately assess the ecological carrying capacity for released species, in order to constitute the foundation for scientific practices of stock enhancement. We developed an Ecopath model based on the survey data of fishery resources and the environment in the coastal waters of Qingdao during 2019-2020, and analyzed the trophic structure and characteristics of the ecosystem. We estimated the ecological carrying capacity of Portunus trituberculatus and assessed the effects of stock enhancement on ecosystem energy flow. The results showed that the connectivity index and the omnivory index were 0.458 and 0.225, respectively. The total primary production/total respiration was 2.63 and total transfer efficiency was 8.5%, reflecting that the ecosystem was at an unstable state. According to the results of the model, the theoretical carrying capacity of P. trituberculatus was 0.907 t·km^-2, which was 33.6 times of the current biomass, indicating substantial potential for stock enhancement in this region. The release of P. trituberculatus did not affect the overall stability and maturity of the Qingdao coastal ecosystem, while it exerted notable impacts on the energy flow of specific trophic levels. When the biomass of P. trituberculatus reached the carrying capacity, the export of the 3rd and 4th trophic levels was increased by 3.22 and 1.86 times, respectively.

Key words: Ecopath, Portunus trituberculatus, stock enhancement, ecological carrying capability, stocking capacity

付丹阳, 徐茂真, 史文凯, 张崇良, 任一平. 三疣梭子蟹放流对青岛近海生态系统的影响及增殖生态容量评估[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(9): 2604-2614.

FU Danyang, XU Maozhen, SHI Wenkai, ZHANG Chongliang, REN Yiping. Ecosystem impacts and carrying capacity assessment of stock enhancement of Portunus trituberculatus in the coastal waters of Qingdao, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(9): 2604-2614.

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三疣梭子蟹放流对青岛近海生态系统的影响及增殖生态容量评估

Ecosystem impacts and carrying capacity assessment of stock enhancement of Portunus trituberculatus in the coastal waters of Qingdao, China

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