热带森林土壤N2O排放及其影响因素研究进展

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202605.015

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 1383-1394.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202605.015

• 稳定同位素生态学专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

热带森林土壤N₂O排放及其影响因素研究进展

马清原^1,2,3, 刘纯^1,2,3, 邓纲¹, 宋清海^2,3,4, 沙丽清^2,3,4, 周文君^1,2,3,4*

¹云南大学, 昆明 650224;
²云南省森林生态系统稳定性与全球变化响应重点实验室(筹), 云南勐腊 666303;
³中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 云南勐腊 666303;
⁴中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2026-02-06 接受日期:2026-04-09 出版日期:2026-05-18 发布日期:2026-11-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: zhouwj@xtbg.ac.cn
作者简介:马清原, 女, 2000年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事全球变化生态学研究。E-mail: maqingyuan@xtbg.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32361143516,42073080,42361144863)、云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202205AC160045)和云南省热带亚洲森林碳汇国际联合实验项目(202403AP140005)

Research advances in N₂O emissions in tropical forest soils and their influencing factors.

MA Qingyuan^1,2,3, LIU Chun^1,2,3, DENG Gang¹, SONG Qinghai^2,3,4, SHA Liqing^2,3,4, ZHOU Wenjun^1,2,3,4*

¹Yunnan University, Kunming 650224, China;
²Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Stability and Global Change Response (Preparatory), Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China;
³Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China;
⁴University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2026-02-06 Accepted:2026-04-09 Online:2026-05-18 Published:2026-11-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 热带森林土壤是全球陆地生态系统N₂O排放的重要来源,对全球气候变化具有显著影响。由于热带森林地区环境条件复杂(高温、高湿、强降水、淋溶作用强)、空间异质性强及观测数据不足,目前其N₂O排放通量及微生物调控机制仍具显著不明确性。本文综述了热带森林土壤N₂O排放特征、土壤微生物产生N₂O的机制、影响因素,以及稳定同位素技术在N₂O来源解析及过程定量中的应用进展。热带森林土壤N₂O排放呈显著的时空异质性,产生过程主要涉及自养/异养硝化、反硝化及其耦合过程,受土壤含水量、温度、pH值、碳氮底物有效性及微生物群落结构等多因素协同调控。稳定同位素示踪技术(¹⁵N自然丰度法、¹⁵N标记法、同位素异位体法)可有效区分不同微生物过程对N₂O产生的贡献,已从定性识别向精确定量解析发展,为完善热带森林氮循环理论提供重要支撑。目前相关研究多以短期、小尺度试验为主,同位素分馏参数及模型适用性仍存在不确定性,限制了其在区域尺度及全球热带地区N₂O通量评估中的应用。未来应加强多时空尺度原位观测与稳定同位素技术的融合,整合分子生物学、机器学习与过程模型方法,探究不同微生物过程的作用机制,提升对热带森林土壤N₂O排放机制及其对全球变化响应的认识水平,为热带温室气体精准减排提供科学依据。

关键词: N₂O, 同位素, 微生物, 硝化, 反硝化

Abstract: Tropical forest soil is a significant source of N₂O emissions, exerting a notable impact on global climate change. Due to the complex environmental conditions (high temperature, high humidity, intense precipitation, and strong leaching) in tropical regions, coupled with strong spatial heterogeneity and insufficient observational data, there remains significant uncertainty regarding the N₂O emission flux from tropical forest soil and microbial regulation mechanisms. We reviewed the characteristics of N₂O emissions from tropical forest soil, the mechanisms by which soil microorganisms produce N₂O, influencing factors, as well as the advancements in the application of stable isotope techniques for N₂O source apportionment and process quantification. N₂O emissions from tropical forest soil exhibit notable spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The production processes primarily involve autotrophic/heterotrophic nitrification, denitrification, and their coupled processes, and are synergistically regulated by factors such as soil moisture, temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen substrate availability, and microbial community structure. Stable isotope tracing techniques (¹⁵N natural abundance method, ¹⁵N labeling method, isotopic isotopomer method) can effectively distinguish the contributions of different microbial processes to N₂O production, evolving from qualitative identification to precise quantitative analysis, providing crucial support for refining the nitrogen cycle theory in tropical forests. Currently, most studies focus on short-term and small-scale experiments. There are uncertainties regarding isotope fractionation parameters and model applicability, limiting their application in assessing N₂O flux at the regional scale and in global tropical regions. In the future, it is essential to strengthen the integration of multi-temporal and multi-spatial scale in situ observations with stable isotope techniques, integrating molecular biology, machine learning, and process modeling methods to explore the mechanisms of different microbial processes. This would enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying N₂O emission from tropical forest soil and its response to global change, providing a scientific basis for precise reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the tropics.

Key words: nitrous oxide, isotope, microorganism, nitrification, denitrification

马清原, 刘纯, 邓纲, 宋清海, 沙丽清, 周文君. 热带森林土壤N₂O排放及其影响因素研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(5): 1383-1394.

MA Qingyuan, LIU Chun, DENG Gang, SONG Qinghai, SHA Liqing, ZHOU Wenjun. Research advances in N₂O emissions in tropical forest soils and their influencing factors.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(5): 1383-1394.

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热带森林土壤N₂O排放及其影响因素研究进展

Research advances in N₂O emissions in tropical forest soils and their influencing factors.

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